The computed formation energy of a neutral O vacancy in a-HfO2 was 6.50 eV on average, which

is lower than that in m-HfO2 by 0.2-0.3 eV but remains higher than that in a-SiO2. Unlike in m-HfO2, the highest occupied defect levels of the negatively charged O vacancies in a-HfO2 may lie within the band-gap region of silicon. In addition, O vacancies in the charge state q=-2 may Ulixertinib appear as a stable state as the electron chemical potential lies within the electronic band gap, and thus, some of the O vacancies can possess the negative-U property in a-HfO2. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3636362]“
“Small-for-size grafts are an issue in liver transplantation. Portal venous pressure (PVP) was monitored and intentionally controlled during living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in 155 adult recipients. The indocyanine green elimination rate (kICG) was simultaneously measured in 16 recipients and divided by the graft weight (g) to reflect portal venous flow (PVF). The target PVP was <20 mmHg. Patients were divided by the final PVP (mmHg): Group A, PVP < 12; Group B, 12 = PVP < 15; Group C, 15 = PVP < 20; and Group D, PVP = 20. With intentional PVP control,

Torin 2 we performed splenectomy and collateral ligation in 80 cases, splenectomy in 39 cases, and splenectomy, collateral ligation, and additional creation in five cases. Thirty-one cases received no modulation. Groups A and B showed good LDLT results, while Groups C and D did not. Final PVP was the most important factor for the LDLT results, and the PVP cutoffs for good outcomes and clinical courses were both 15.5 mmHg. The respective kICG/graft weight cutoffs were 3.5580 x 10(-4)/g and 4.0015 x 10(-4)/g. Intentional PVP modulation at <15 mmHg is a sure surgical strategy for small-for-size grafts, to establish greater donor safety with good LDLT results. The kICG/graft weight value may have potential as a parameter for optimal PVF and a predictor AZD5153 for LDLT results.”
“This paper compares management of mastitis on organic dairy farms with that on conventional dairy farms. National standards for organic production

vary by country. In the United States, usage of antimicrobials to treat dairy cattle results in permanent loss of organic status of the animal, effectively limiting treatment choices for animals experiencing bacterial diseases. There are no products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that can be used for treatment of mastitis on organic dairy farms, and usage of unapproved products is contrary to Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In general, organic dairy farms tend to be smaller, produce less, and more likely to be housed and milked in traditional barns as compared with conventionally managed herds. It is difficult to compare disease rates between herds managed conventionally or organically because perception and detection of disease is influenced by management system.

1 wt %). The crystallization peak

of the composites shifts to higher temperature with the addition of MWCNTs, and among the two melting peaks, the intensity of melting peak at low temperature decreases with increasing MWCNTs content. The composites are more stable than pure PA610 and decompose at higher temperature, suggesting that the accession of MWCNTs can improve the composites’ thermal stability. The storage modulus of the composites decreases with the temperature increasing, but under lower temperature it increases significantly with the addition of MWCNTs-COOH except GW786034 supplier for PANY-0.1 sample. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of composites exhibit that the wet melt blending technique can avoid the excess agglomeration of MWCNTs under

vacuum dryness, which benefits MWCNTs to disperse uniformly in matrix. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2805-2812, 2009″
“Objectives: The role of integrons in the spread of antibiotic resistance has been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in Zhenjiang to 13 antibiotics, and to identify the structure and dissemination of class 1 integrons.

Methods: The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay was used to determine the rate of P. aeruginosa resistance. Class 1 integrons from multidrug-resistant isolates learn more were amplified by PCR, and their PCR products were sequenced. We also analyzed the integron https://www.selleckchem.com/products/birinapant-tl32711.html structures containing the same gene cassettes by restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). Isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results: The resistance rates were between 29.6% and 90.1%. The prevalence of class 1 integrons was 38.0%. These integrons included five gene cassettes

( aadB, aac6-II, blaPSE-1, dfrA17, and aadA5). The dfrA17 and aadA5 gene cassettes were found most often.

Conclusions: Class 1 integrons were found to be widespread in P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in the Zhenjiang area of China. The antibiotic resistance rates in class 1 integron-positive strains of P. aeruginosa were noticeably higher than those in class 1 integron-negative strains. PFGE showed that particular clones were circulating among patients. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.”
“This article attempts to develop and prove a technique to determine the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for vascular prostheses. The implicit goal is to be able to quantify the amount of degradation to study the effect of in vivo aging. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR) provides a comprehensive view of chemical macromolecular structures.

Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of taking a broader approach to examining partner caregiving in the context of stroke, in terms of the caregiving relationship and their influence on the health and well-being of caregivers.”
“Hydroxyethyl cellulose Batimastat inhibitor Acetate (HECA) was prepared starting from hydroxyethyl cellulose

(HEC), acetic anhydride and perchloric acid which was used as catalyst. The synthesized product was characterized by FTIR, C-13 NMR, and H-1 NMR. Substitution degree (DS) of HECA was determined using FTIR spectra taking a classical titration method as reference. The H-1 NMR spectroscopy was also used to confirm the results obtained by FTIR. The DS is substantially affected by the temperature, the time of reaction and especially the equivalent number (eq. nb.) of the acetic anhydride added. We have studied and discussed in the context of usage in modification reactions, the solubility of the HECA samples Autophagy Compound Library screening by varying their DS. This investigation was based on the determination of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (chi(SP)) using the partial

Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). HSP of HEC and the HECA samples were calculated from the Van-Krevlen-Hoftyze (VKH) method and the T. Lindvig approximation. We have focused our work on predicting and controlling family solvents of HECA with various DS, to facilitate and to optimize the homogenous modification reaction conditions. From results AC220 price on a range of HECA samples, it is conclude that their prediction solubility

taking the value of DS into account is possible, and then the surface modification can relatively be easily realized. The thermal analysis study shows some differences in T-g and thermal degradation between HEC and HECA, moreover these thermal temperatures are influenced by DS values. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122:2952-2965, 2011″
“PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and spherical IOL implantation with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to manage astigmatism during phacoemulsification.

SETTING: Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

DESIGN: Prospective randomized comparative case series.

METHODS: Eyes with cataract and corneal astigmatism (1.00 to 3.00 diopters [D]) had toric IOL implantation or peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. Outcome measures were visual outcomes, slitlamp assessment, digital toric IOL axis determination, spectacle need, and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.13 +/- 0.10 (SD) in the toric IOL group and 0.19 +/- 0.12 in the relaxing incisions group; the UDVA was better than 0.20 in 75% of eyes and 60% of eyes, respectively. Refractive cylinder decreased significantly in both groups, with a mean residual refractive astigmatism of 0.61 +/- 0.41 D in the toric IOL group and 1.32 +/- 0.60 D in the relaxing incisions group (P<.01). The mean toric IOL rotation was 3.

The average length of hospital stay for all types of revision arthroplasties was 6.2 days, and the average total charges were Hedgehog inhibitor $54,553. However, the average length of stay, average charges, and procedure frequencies varied considerably according to census region,

hospital type, and type of revision total hip arthroplasty procedure performed.

Conclusions: Hip instability and mechanical loosening are the most common indications for revision total hip arthroplasty in the United States. As further experience is gained with the new diagnosis and procedure codes specifically related to revision total hip arthroplasty, this information will be valuable in directing future research, implant design, and clinical decision-making.”
“Amperometric glucose biosensors have

been developed based on entrapment on platinum (Pt) electrode using cyclic voltammetry technique in glucose oxidase (GOD) and pyrrole containing p-toluene-sulfonic acid (pTSA) or sodium p-toluenesulfonate (NapTS) as supporting electrolyte solutions. Both of electrolyte solutions were suitable media for the formation and deposition of polypyrrole-GOD (PPy-GOD) TPX-0005 purchase layers on Pt substrate. Pt/PPy-GOD electrodes brought about in different morphological properties as well as different electrochemical and biochemical response. The highest responses obtained in pTSA and NapTS electrolytes were observed at pH of 4.5 and 7.0 for Pt/PPy-GOD electrodes, respectively. While linearity

was observed between 0.0-1.0 mM glucose substrate for both electrodes, I(max) value of Pt/PPy-GOD(NapTS) electrode was approximately twice as high as that of Pt/PPy-GOD(pTSA) HSP assay electrode as 25.4 and 14.2 mu A, respectively. Five commercial drinks were tested with enzyme electrodes and compared with results obtained spectrophotometrically using glucose kit. Results revealed that Pt/PPy-GODNapTS electrode exhibited better biosensor response.”
“Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in a group of children with clefts. The reason for suspecting submucous cleft, age of diagnosis, effect of age on speech development, problems in speech, hearing and swallowing were compared with previous literature.

Methods: Retrospective chart review: Out of 33 patients with SMCP, registered by the Groninger cleft team over approximately 20 years (1990 until July 2012), 28 non-syndromic patients with a proven diagnosis of SMCP were included: 17 males and 11 females. Speech and hearing were examined and the number of patients with SMCP and age at time of diagnosis were evaluated. The percentages of problems in resonance, articulation and hearing, present at time of diagnosis, were compared with the percentages of problems found after surgery.

Results: Out of 800 patients with clefts, 28 patients (3,5%) were diagnosed with SMCP at a mean age of 3;9 years.

001) 2.03(1.27-3.24), 4.53(2.60-7.90), 3.59(1.95-6.60).

Conclusion: Among males in the United States Navy relative higher levels of CRF are associated with higher levels of HRQOL.”
“Free-standing films of polypyrrole doped with p-toluene sulfonate (PPy/pTS) were electropolymerized galvanostatically at different deposition current densities and their electrochemomechanical deformation (ECMD) properties were measured in situ during cyclic voltammetry experiments. It was found that films exhibiting a higher cation-driven actuation strain were generated when a lower current density was used in electropolymerization, which also led to an increase

in PPy conductivity and doping level. A decrease in cation-driven strain

with time was observed in all cases due to a loss of pTS anions from the films. Raman, FTIR, and elemental analyses click here were used to characterize the films grown at different deposition selleck current densities and no sign of excessive overoxidation was found. SEM images revealed that the morphology of the films was affected by the current density during electropolymerization. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 876-882, 2009″
“New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a common comorbidity after renal transplantation. Though metformin is the first-line agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in renal transplant recipients, this website metformin is frequently avoided due

to concerns about renal dysfunction and risk for lactic acidosis. Therefore, alternative first-line agents for the treatment of NODAT in renal transplant recipients are needed. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a low incidence of hypoglycemia, is weight neutral, and, in a small study, did not affect immunosuppressant levels. However, long-term sitagliptin use for the treatment of NODAT in kidney transplant recipients has not been studied. We retrospectively analyzed renal transplant recipients diagnosed with NODAT and treated with sitagliptin to assess safety and efficacy. Twenty-two patients were started on sitagliptin alone. After 12 months of followup, 19/22 patients remained on sitagliptin alone with a significant improvement in hemoglobin A1c. Renal function and immunosuppressant levels remained stable. Analysis of long-term followup (32.5 +/- 17.8 months) revealed that 17/22 patients remained on sitagliptin (mean hemoglobin A1c < 7%) with 9/17 patients remaining on sitagliptin alone. Transplant-specific adverse events were rare. Sitagliptin appears safe and efficacious for the treatment of NODAT in kidney transplant recipients.”
“Purpose: To investigate how life situation by persons with advanced colorectal cancer and their partners is affected by living with the disease and its treatment.

(C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3652-3661, 2012″
“The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the thermal stability of Nd-123 superconductor thin films was investigated buy AZD2014 by means of high temperature in situ microscopy. It was found that the thermal stability of Nd-123 films decreases as the oxygen partial pressure increases. We

attribute the thermal stability suppression to the increased growth rate of Nd-422 and a high concentration difference ratio. Under the assumption of quasi-equilibrium, a simplified model for peritectic melting of RE-123 was suggested. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3618675]“
“The objective of the present investigation was to quantify the total hyphal length of maize and groundnut and its influence on simulation of P influx. The field experiments

were carried out with three P levels i.e., P – 0 (no P), P – 50 (50 mg P kg(-1) soil) and P – 400 (400 mg P kg(-1) soil). Test crops were maize and groundnut. Four harvests were made to cover whole growing season and at each harvest hyphal length was measured. Application Epacadostat of P fertilizer reduced hyphal length by 30 – 50% in maize and 25 – 50% in groundnut. At P-0, hyphal length of maize crop was higher (5.4 mg(-1)) than groundnut (3.8 mg(-1)). To assess the influence of hyphal length on calculated P influx, mechanistic model was used. The model was employed first to calculate the P influx with root hairs of both the crops and then substituting root hairs by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae. When root hairs were substituted by AM hyphae the calculated influx increased by a factor of 1.5 to 2 for plots receiving no P. Concentration profile around the root cylinder at P – 0 showed that hyphae was able to decrease the soil solution concentration more than the

root hairs.”
“We report a sporadic case of paroxysmal dyskinesia of predominantly choreic and ballistic movements of 10 years duration in a 22-year-old male. The movement starts after exercise JQ1 for certain period. However, for the next 5-15 min, the movements are triggered by sudden voluntary activity. These dyskinesias persist for about 10-30 s after sudden voluntary activity. Patient has to be immobile once symptoms start after the exercise to prevent the kinesigenic involuntary movements. Involuntary movements could be induced in the lower limbs, upper limbs, facial and jaw muscle by local exercise. Overtime symptoms occurred with minimal exercise. Secondary dyskinesia was ruled out by investigations. Patient responded well to Carbamazpine, relapsed when stopped taking it.

We studied the secretion pattern of cell-wall proteins in tobacco protoplasts and leaf epidermal cells using fluorescent forms of a pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein (PMEI1) and a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP2). The two most representative protein fusions, secGFP-PMEI1 and PGIP2-GFP, MG-132 cell line reached the cell wall by passing through ER and Golgi stacks but using distinct mechanisms. secGFP-PMEI1 was linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and stably accumulated in the cell wall, regulating the activity of the endogenous pectin methylesterases (PMEs) that are constitutively present in this compartment. A mannosamine-induced non-GPI-anchored

form of PMEI1 as Linsitinib Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor well as a form (PMEI1-GFP) that was unable to bind membranes failed to reach the cell wall, and accumulated in the Golgi stacks. In contrast, PGIP2-GFP moved as a soluble cargo

protein along the secretory pathway, but was not stably retained in the cell wall, due to internalization to an endosomal compartment and eventually the vacuole. Stable localization of PGIP2 in the wall was observed only in the presence of a specific fungal endopolygalacturonase ligand in the cell wall. Both secGFP-PMEI1 and PGIP2-GFP sorting were distinguishable from that of a secreted GFP, suggesting that rigorous and more complex controls than the simple mechanism of bulk flow are the basis of cell-wall growth and differentiation.”
“Nosocomial yeast infections have increased significantly worldwide and especially in surgical and intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Although Candida species have various degrees of susceptibility to frequently used drugs, antifungal resistance is rare.

A ten-year retrospective surveillance

of candidemia was carried out in a University Hospital of Southern Italy. The aim of this study was the determination of Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) and central venous catheter (CVC)related episodes, prevalence and in vitro susceptibility. 320 candidemia episodes were registered and 374 yeasts collected. Etest and Sensititre methods were used to test the isolates’ susceptibility to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, fluconazole, Selleck AR-13324 itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. The results were compared with those of CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Most yeasts were susceptible to all antifungal drugs, with the exception of C. glabrata susceptibility to triazoles and C. tropicalis to fluconazole and voriconazole. As expected, C. parapsilosis isolates were generally associated with higher echinocandin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than the other Candida species.

This study confirms the different antifungal susceptibility patterns among species, and underlines the need to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of clinically relevant yeasts.

Conclusion: The significant improvements observed in transmethylation metabolites and glutathione redox status after treatment suggest that buy VX-661 targeted nutritional intervention with methylcobalamin and folinic acid may be of clinical benefit in some children who have autism. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00692315. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 425-30.”
“Design. Cross sectional.

Objective.

To fill a gap in the validation of the active straight leg raising (ASLR) test concerning the relation between a patient’s subjective score on the ASLR test and the objective measured force.

Summary of Background Data. The ASLR test is used to classify patients presenting with pain in the low back and/or pelvic girdle. Although its reliability and validity have been demonstrated,

some details are still lacking.

Methods. The ASLR test was performed by 21 parous women with Selleck AZD1480 various ASLR scores. Subjective weakness was scored by the patient both with and without a pelvic belt; moreover the isometric forces of leg raising were measured.

Results. The correlation coefficients between the subjective ASLR score and objective measured force at 0 and 20 cm elevation were -0.58 (P < 0.01) and -0.52 (P < 0.05), respectively, at the left side; and -0.45 (P < 0.05) and -0.63 (P < 0.01), respectively, at the right side. When measured with a pelvic belt the correlations were, respectively, -0.51 and -0.48 at the left side, and -0.47 and -0.50 at the right side (all P < 0.05). After applying a pelvic belt the mean subjective ASLR score decreased with 0.38 point

at the left side and 0.48 point at the right side (both P < 0.05). With the belt, the measured force at 0 cm elevation increased by 11.6% (P < 0.001) at the left side and by 8.6% (P < 0.05) at the right side; at 20 cm elevation the changes in measured force were negligible. No significant correlation was found between the NVP-HSP990 Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor subjective and the objective changes elicited by the pelvic belt.

Conclusion. The subjective scores on the ASLR test correlate well with the objective measured forces; this supports the reliability of the ASLR test. The subjective influence of a pelvic belt on the ASLR score could not be objectified.”
“This study was designed to detect whether nanobacteria (NB) reside in urine and bladder tissue samples of patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and whether antibiotic therapy targeting these organisms is effective in reducing NB levels and IC/PBS symptoms.

Twenty-seven IC/PBS patients underwent cystoscopy. Bladder biopsies and urine samples were obtained and cultured for NB, which were identified by indirect immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy.

Eleven bladder samples showed growth of microbes that were identified to be similar to NB. Homologous study of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene suggested that the NB could be the pathogen.

(c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“New transparent zinc

oxide (ZnO)/silicone nanocomposites with outstanding integrated properties, including a high UV-shielding efficiency and transparency, bigger thermal conductivity, Quisinostat supplier and lower dielectric constant, were successfully developed; they were prepared by the uniform dispersion of organic modified nano-ZnO in a silicone matrix through in situ polymerization. The ZnO precursor was prepared by a direct precipitation method, which was then calcinated at different temperatures to produce nano-ZnO with various morphologies and sizes. The effects of the size, surface nature, and content of nano-ZnO on the key properties (e.g., optical and dielectric properties, thermal conductivities) of the composites were systematically investigated.

LY3023414 inhibitor The results show that the organic nano-ZnO prepared by 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane can increase the dispersion of nano-ZnO in silicone resin, and the interfacial adhesion between inorganic and organic phases, and consequently improve the integrated properties of nanocomposites. The increase of the particle content and size of ZnO in composites can lead to high thermal conductivity and UV-shielding efficiency but lower visible-light transparency, so there is an optimum content and size of ZnO in composites to obtain the best integrated properties of the composites. Specifically, the nanocomposite containing 0.03 wt % organic nano- ZnO with an average size of 46 +/- 0.4 nm not only had a high visible-light transparency, UV-shielding efficiency, and thermal conductivity but also possessed a low dielectric constant and loss and met the requirements of high-performance electronic packaging for high-power light-emitting diodes. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121:2018-2028, 2011″
“The initiation and propagation

of action potentials (APs) places high demands on the energetic resources of neural tissue. Each AP forces ATP-driven ion pumps to work harder to restore the ionic concentration gradients, thus consuming more energy. Here, we Quizartinib price ask whether the ionic currents underlying the AP can be predicted theoretically from the principle of minimum energy consumption. A long-held supposition that APs are energetically wasteful, based on theoretical analysis of the squid giant axon AP, has recently been overturned by studies that measured the currents contributing to the AP in several mammalian neurons. In the single compartment models studied here, AP energy consumption varies greatly among vertebrate and invertebrate neurons, with several mammalian neuron models using close to the capacitive minimum of energy needed. Strikingly, energy consumption can increase by more than ten-fold simply by changing the overlap of the Na(+) and K(+) currents during the AP without changing the APs shape.

Size-dependence measurement lets us know that the effect occurs near the surface of nanostructures,

and the power-dependent measurement further confirms the underlying mechanism we proposed. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3590152]“
“Two new indole alkaloids, 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-costaclavine (1) and 2-(3,3-dimethylprop-1-ene)-epicostaclavine (2), together with the known compounds costaclavine (3), fumgaclavine A (4) and C (5), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus check details fumigatus. The planar structures of the two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence including MS, UV, IR and NMR spectra. Their stereochemistry was studied by NOESY, H-1-H-1 coupling constant and CD spectra. The compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against a mouse leukemia cell line (P388).”
“Lupus nephritis

(LN) is a common secondary glomerular disease with diverse clinical manifestations and pathology. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations and pathology of 82 hospitalized LN patients APR-246 mw (73 females and nine males) during February 2004 to February 2009. The mean age at disease onset of male patients was much younger than female patients (27.6 +/- 6.8 vs. 35.5 +/- 13.9). The kidney biopsy showed that more than 50% was IV-type LN. The II- and III-type LN were also common; their clinical manifestations were common in nephritic syndrome and (or) asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, whereas IV- and

V-type LN usually presented nephrotic syndrome. Simultaneously, we investigated that the highest incidence rates of anemia and chronic renal failure were observed in IV- and IV + V-type LN. What was more, we found that serum creatinine level was higher; the interstitial involvement was more severe with renal biopsy. The serum creatinine level and renal interstitial lesions were positively correlated. Our study showed that the different pathologic phenotypes of LN were correlated GSK2245840 in vitro with the specific clinical manifestations. However, the conclusion should be confirmed by large-scale prospective research.”
“Scattering of coherent light from scattering particles causes phase shift to the scattered light. The interference of unscattered and scattered light causes the formation of speckles. When the scattering particles, under the influence of an ultrasound (US) pressure wave, vibrate, the phase shift fluctuates, thereby causing fluctuation in speckle intensity. We use the laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCA) to reconstruct a map of the elastic property (Young’s modulus) of soft tissue-mimicking phantom. The displacement of the scatters is inversely related to the Young’s modulus of the medium. The elastic properties of soft biological tissues vary, many fold with malignancy.