Among college students, individuals who used both alcohol and cannabis.
= 341;
A 198-year-old individual, 513% female and 748% White, completed 56 days of five daily surveys in two distinct periods. To scrutinize the impact of daily substance use type on specific negative consequences, generalized linear mixed-effects models were applied, adjusting for substance use levels and other relevant factors.
Days on which cannabis was the sole substance used exhibited a lower probability of hangovers, blackouts, nausea/vomiting, injuries, rude/aggressive behaviors, and unwanted sexual experiences in comparison to days involving only alcohol or both alcohol and cannabis. Days characterized by cannabis use, whether alone or in conjunction with alcohol, were correlated with a greater likelihood of driving intoxicated, compared to days of sole alcohol consumption. Ultimately, alcohol-only consumption days exhibited a heightened probability of subsequent hangovers when contrasted with days involving concurrent substance use.
Days dedicated to distinct substance use types correlated with unique consequences. This investigation indicates that alcohol consumption, not cannabis use, is largely responsible for the negative outcomes associated with concurrent use. Analysis revealed that these young adults were more inclined to operate a vehicle while under the influence of cannabis, rather than alcohol. Strategies for co-use interventions should specifically aim to curb alcohol consumption to minimize negative effects like blackouts, physical harm, rude and aggressive actions, unwanted sexual advances, and emphasize the dangers of driving under the influence of cannabis.
Specific consequences varied considerably amongst days that experienced different forms of substance use. The research here suggests that alcohol consumption is more likely than cannabis use to be the cause of most of the negative co-use consequences. ISA-2011B manufacturer A clear trend was observed among these young adults; they were more predisposed to support driving under the influence of cannabis in contrast to alcohol. Alcohol consumption during co-use interventions should prioritize mitigating negative outcomes like blackouts, injuries, aggressive or rude behavior, unwanted sexual encounters, and emphasize the perils of cannabis-impaired driving.

Though alcohol enforcement is pivotal in mitigating alcohol-related problems, there's limited scholarly examination of alcohol enforcement initiatives, particularly in a longitudinal context. At two predetermined points, the implementation and frequency of alcohol-specific law enforcement practices were evaluated.
In 2019, a survey was conducted on 1028 U.S. local law enforcement agencies (including police and sheriff's departments), which had been sampled in 2010, resulting in a 72% response rate (742 agencies). Our study scrutinized variations in alcohol law enforcement strategies and mandates across three sectors: (1) intoxicated driving, (2) selling alcohol to plainly intoxicated customers (over-serving), and (3) underage alcohol consumption.
Agencies' reports indicated a greater emphasis on enforcing laws against alcohol-impaired driving and overservice in 2019 than in 2010. Alcohol-impaired driving enforcement strategies showed an upward trend in the deployment of saturation patrols and the strict application of laws prohibiting open containers of alcohol in automobiles; however, sobriety checkpoints did not experience a similar rise. Both years saw approximately a quarter of the agencies participate in overservice enforcement activities. Strategies aimed at curbing underage drinking faced a decrease in enforcement, leading to a greater emphasis on interventions for underage drinkers rather than alcohol suppliers (retailers, adults) during both years.
Despite efforts to prioritize alcohol enforcement, agencies observed a persistent decline, or at best, a stagnant level of enforcement across various strategies. More agencies should consider implementing alcohol control strategies, which prioritize the suppliers of alcohol to minors rather than directly targeting underage drinkers, as well as increasing awareness and enforcing restrictions on selling alcohol to demonstrably intoxicated patrons. ISA-2011B manufacturer The application of these strategies holds the promise of diminishing the health and safety risks associated with heavy alcohol consumption.
Agencies, while apparently prioritizing alcohol enforcement, documented a continued lack of, or even a decrease in, enforcement across a range of strategies, reports indicate. An expanded approach to alcohol control by various agencies could involve increased scrutiny of alcohol providers to minors rather than focusing solely on underage drinkers, alongside amplified awareness and enforcement regarding sales to patrons who are visibly intoxicated. These strategies possess the potential to curtail the negative health and safety impacts of excessive alcohol.

Combined alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) is correlated with increased alcohol and marijuana use and heightened negative consequences, but the social, physical, and temporal factors contributing to this phenomenon are not well documented.
Participants in the study were young adults (N=409, 512% female, 491% White Non-Hispanic), and those reporting SAM use within the previous month completed up to 14 daily surveys across five distinct data collection periods. These surveys measured SAM use, its negative consequences, and their connection to social, physical, and temporal settings. We examined the correlation between SAM usage circumstances and alcohol/marijuana consumption levels and their resulting effects via multilevel modeling techniques.
A lower frequency of drinking was observed when individuals were in a social context of solitude, in contrast to being surrounded by others. Employing both residential and non-residential settings (instead of only home environments) was connected to increased quantities of alcohol and marijuana consumption and more adverse effects (though this association was mitigated when alcohol consumption was taken into account); exclusively using non-residential areas (compared to only home environments) was associated with greater alcohol use, more alcohol-related consequences (but not after adjusting for alcohol consumption), and fewer marijuana-related problems (even after adjusting for marijuana use). The association between the first instance of SAM use prior to 6 PM (compared to after 9 PM) and greater consumption of alcohol and marijuana, alongside more adverse marijuana effects, was identified; yet, this relationship was mitigated when controlling for duration of intoxication.
Alcohol/marijuana consumption and resultant repercussions tend to be higher when SAM is used in social settings outside the home, particularly during the earlier parts of the evening.
The use of alcohol and marijuana by SAM, particularly when interacting with others outside the home or during the early evening, is often associated with increased consumption levels and negative outcomes.

Since November 2019, Ireland's alcohol advertising regulations have prohibited promotions in movie theaters, outdoor areas (specifically near educational institutions), and on public transportation. Though awareness of these advertisements lessened one year after the imposed restrictions, the intricate efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 posed interpretive problems. We investigate the evolution of awareness two years after the relaxation of COVID-19 mitigation measures, specifically focusing on the differences between Ireland and Northern Ireland, where distinct restrictions applied.
Repeated cross-sectional surveys, utilizing non-probability online panels for adult recruitment in Ireland, will be conducted in three waves: October 2019 (prior to restrictions), October 2020, and October 2021 (subsequent to restrictions).
In October 2020 and 2021, there were 3029 cases in the United Kingdom, plus two in Northern Ireland.
The characteristics and design of this item demand meticulousness, precision, and careful thought. Self-reported data from participants indicated awareness of 13 alcohol marketing tactics, including campaigns on public transit, in cinemas, and on outdoor billboards, during the past month (classified as 'Aware,' 'Unaware,' or 'Unsure').
Past-month awareness reporting in Ireland exhibits a pattern requiring analysis. All restricted advertising activities, including those for public transport (2021 compared to 2019, for instance), had higher figures in 2021 and 2020 when measured against 2019's data.
A statistically significant difference was observed (estimate = 188, 95% confidence interval 153-232). In 2021, the interaction of waves with jurisdiction influenced the probability of reporting no awareness of public transport and cinema advertisements during the previous month, contrasting with the scenario of 2020. Ireland's figures held a higher position than Northern Ireland's, despite the enhancement of exposure opportunities in both locations with reduced pandemic restrictions. A lack of interaction in outdoor advertising suggests consistent inter-wave trends across different jurisdictions.
Awareness of alcohol advertising in Irish cinemas and public transport has decreased over the past month due to recent restrictions, but outdoor advertising remains unaffected. ISA-2011B manufacturer A continued watch is indispensable.
Past-month alcohol advertising awareness in Ireland has been reduced by the restrictions, notably in cinemas and public transport, while outdoor advertising remained consistent. Continued observation remains crucial.

The digital Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (d-AUDIT) underwent analysis of its factorial structure and diagnostic efficacy for identifying excessive alcohol consumption within primary care.
A cross-sectional survey of 330 people, aged 18 or older, who consumed alcohol six or more times in the previous year, was conducted at two primary care facilities within Santiago, Chile. The self-administered d-AUDIT, which is now accessible on seven-inch tablets, was developed from a Chilean-validated version previously available on paper.