(J Vase Surg 2011;54:1366-73.)”
“Expression of archaeal proteins in soluble form is of importance because archaeal proteins are usually produced as insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. In this study, we investigated the use of soluble fusion tags to enhance the solubility of two archaeal proteins, D-gluconate dehydratase (GNAD) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate kinase (KDGK), key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway of the thermoacidophilic archaeon. Sulfolobus solfataricus. These two proteins were produced as inclusion bodies in E. coli when polyhistidine was used as a fusion tag. To reduce inclusion body formation in E. coli, GNAD and KDGK were fused with three partners, thioredoxin

(Trx), glutathione-S-transferase CUDC-907 datasheet (GST), and N-utilization substance A (NusA). With the use of fusion-partners, the solubility of the archaeal proteins was remarkably enhanced, and the SN-38 research buy soluble fraction of the recombinant proteins was increased in this order: Trx > GST > NusA. Furthermore, In the case of recombinant KDGKs, the enzyme activity of the Trx-fused proteins was 200-fold

higher than that of the polyhistidine-fusion protein. The strategy presented in this work may contribute to the production of other valuable proteins from hyperthermophilic archaea in E. coli. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: For patients with end-stage critical limb ischemia (CLI) who have already suffered over an extended period of time, a major amputation that is free

of wound complications remains paramount. Utilizing data from the American College of Surgeons, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP), the objective of this report was to determine critical factors leading to wound complications following major amputation.

Methods: ACS-NSQIP was used to identify patients Doxacurium chloride >= 50 years, with CLI, and having an ipsilateral below-(BKA) or above-knee amputation (AKA). The primary outcome was wound occurrence (WO) defined by affirmative findings of superficial infection, deep infection, and/or wound disruption. The secondary outcome was 30-day mortality. Following univariate analyses, a multiple logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors.

Results: Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008, 4250 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria (2309 BKAs and 1941 AKAs). WOs were 10.4% for BKAs and 7.2% for AKAs. For BKAs, increasing elevation in international normalized ratio (INR) predicted more WOs (P = .008, odds ratio [OR] 1.5 for every integral increase in INR) as did age 50 to 59 compared with older patients (P = .002, OR 1.9). For AKAs, being a current smoker predicted more WOs (P = .0008, OR 1.8) as did an increasing body mass index (BMI) (P = .02, OR 1.3 for every 10 kg/m(2) increase in BMI). Mortality was 7.6% for BKAs and 12% for AKAs.