We illustrate the link from single unit activity to behavioral responses. The results suggest plausible neural mechanisms subserving the cognitive “”insight” capability originally attributed to rodents by Tolman & Honzik. Our time course analysis of neural responses shows how the interaction between hippocampus and PFC can yield the encoding of manifold information pertinent to spatial

planning, including prospective coding and Adavosertib distance-to-goal correlates.”
“Objective

To describe a biinstitutional experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast lesions occurring in men, over a period of over 10 years and to assess the role of FNA in detecting male breast cancer.

Study Design

Computer Patient records were searched from January 1990 to September 2007. HM781-36B in vivo Male patients who had a diagnosis of carcinoma on breast biopsy or resection were identified, and detailed chart review was done to assess demographics and correlate biopsy and FNA results.

Results

A total of 346,792 patients’ charts were searched, and 2.17 male patients were found to have had abreast mass and subsequent FNA. Combined in both institutions, FNA results were positive for carcinoma in 12 (5.5%) cases, negative in 181 (83.4%) cases, suspicions in 5 (2.3%) cases, indeterminate inconclusive in 3 (1.4%) cases and unsatisfactory in 16 (7.4%) cases. Matching biopsies

to confirm FNA results were available in 26 (12%) of the 217 cases. The calculated sensitivity and specificity for the malignant cases reached 100%. When suspicions cases were calculated for diagnostic accuracy, the sensitivity was 67% and the specificity 100%.

Conclusion

This RG-7112 cell line biinstitutional study demonstrates that FNA is a reliable but underutilized procedure

for the management of male breast lesions. (Acta Cytol 2009;53:369-374)”
“In this work, terahertz (THz) temperature-dependent properties of defect mode in a defective semiconductor-dielectric photonic crystal (SDPC) are theoretically investigated based on the calculated transmittance spectrum. Two different defective PCs, the symmetric structure of (Si/SiO2)(InSb)-In-N(SiO2/Si) (N) and the asymmetric one of (Si/SiO2)(InSb)-In-N(Si/SiO2)(N), will be considered. With a strongly temperature-dependent permittivity in defect layer InSb, the defect mode can be thermally tuned, that is, the defect frequency will be shifted to higher frequency as the temperature increases. With the inherent loss in InSb, the strength of defect mode will be strongly depressed at a higher temperature. We use the condition of impedance match to explain the presence of defect mode. The understanding of properties of defect mode could be of technical use in the terahertz optoelectronic applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3660230]“
“Background: Chronic wounds are both time consuming as well as costly.