Oleic estolide was produced from oleic fatty acid and a catalytic amount of perchloric acid. The oleic estolide was then esterifled with a series of 16
different alcohols that were either branched or linear-chained. The new estolide esters physical properties were recorded and evaluated as a potential industrial lubricant. The linear-chain esters had higher low temperature properties (PP = -9 to 33 degrees C) but still compete well with other commercial bio-based materials. The oleic estolide ethyl ester yielded the best PP at -33 degrees C for the linear-chain series. The branched alcohol produced the best PP (-24 to – learn more 39 degrees C) and CP (-30 to <-50 degrees C) with the best PP performers being a 2-hexyldecanol (Jarcol 1-16) sample, a 16 carbon-chained branched material, and 2-octyldodecanol (Jarcol 1-20), GW4869 datasheet a 20 carbon branched material, with a PP at -39 degrees C. The best CP performers from the same series were the 2-octyldodecanol, with a CP lower than -50 degrees C followed by the 2-hexyldecanol at -42 degrees C. The viscosities (55-209 cSt @40 degrees C) and viscosity indexes (VIs) (169-192) performed well. The iso-stearyl alcohol (Oxocol 180) sample had the highest viscosity at 40 degrees C of
209.3 cSt which was higher than all other materials tested. Finally, these new estolide esters required no additives in order to obtain the improved performance in low temperature physical properties, thus limiting our impact on the environment and replacing fluids that are based on non renewable resources. Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Intensive insulin therapy should be proposed for most type 1 diabetic patients. It can be achieved by a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or by multiple daily injections
(MDI). Debate remains regarding the optimal delivery of such therapy.
To compare the efficacy of glycemic control, hypoglycemia frequency, dose of insulin and weight in the type 1 diabetic patients, after switching from MDI to CSII.
In this retrospective study we analyzed HbA1c, profiles of blood glucose, weight, dose of insulin and hypoglycemia, 6 months before and 6 months after the initiation FK228 molecular weight of CSII, in 18 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Blood glucose control is considerably improved during CSII, as measured by HbA1c and mean blood glucose concentrations. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and also of glycemic variability were significantly lower. The total insulin doses during the CSII period were significantly lower. There was a small non significant increase in weight during CSII. There was a significant decrease in a number of mild hypoglycemic events, a small non significant decrease of asymptomatic hypoglycemia and a small non significant increase of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
CSII provides significant improvement of blood glucose control with lower risk for hypoglycemia.