0015). Correlation of BMI with the depth of chest compression or with the volume selleck chemical Sorafenib of air administered during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is depicted in scatter plots in Figures Figures11 and and22.Figure 1Scatter plot demonstrating the relationship between depth of chest compressions in mm and body mass index. The recommended chest compression depth of 40 to 50 mm is marked by two dotted lines.Figure 2Scatter plot demonstrating the relationship between tidal volume (ml) and body mass index.When we considered a multivariate model with age, BMI, and gender as independent covariates, BMI (P < 0.001) and gender (P = 0.016) were found to be significant as independent prognostic covariates. At a BMI of 15 or greater adequate chest compression could be attained.

Determinants of appropriate ventilationThe volume inflated during artificial breathing was not significantly affected by body height (r = 0.14; P = 0.10), age (r = 0.16; P = 0.06), or gender (P = 0.70). However, body weight (r = 0.18; P = 0.04), and, by extension, BMI (r = 0.21; P = 0.01) were statistically significant factors in determining tidal volume delivered during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.In terms of airway opening and correctly doing a head tilt, these skills were not dependent on BMI or gender (P = 0.05): 25 boys incorrectly tilted the head and lifted the chin, compared with 52 who did this correctly; the corresponding numbers for girls were 13 and 49 (P = 0.13). The median age for students who incorrectly tilted the head was 12 years (IQR 11 to 15), compared with a median age of 14 years (IQR 12 to 16) for those who did it correctly (P = 0.

08).We further analyzed those 52 students who sufficiently ventilated the resuscitation mannequin, in order to understand more clearly the relation of tidal volume, BMI, age and gender. The median tidal volume supplied by these students was 619 ml and ranged from 317 to 1790 ml (IQR 515 to 825 ml; n = 52). Neither gender (P = 0.7) nor age (P = 0.44) influenced tidal volume during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. BMI, on the other hand, again showed a statistically significant correlation with tidal volume (P = 0.03). With BMI of 14 or greater, adequate ventilation volumes were generally attained.Table Table44 lists the various skills taught, the percentage rate of success in learning these skills, and the mean age and BMI of students performing these skills successfully and those who were unsuccessful.

Table 4Percent of success in learning the skills taughtDiscussionThe overwhelming majority of students, ranging in age from 9 to 18 years had no difficulties retaining standard CPR techniques after they had been trained by their teachers for approximately six hours.Age did not influence the depth of chest compressions or tidal volume mouth-to-mouth AV-951 resuscitation, suggesting that children as young as nine years old could effectively learn such critical skills.