4%), use of other smoking cessation aids in prior 30 selleck chem Nutlin-3a days (22.5%), not homeless (21.3%), short duration of stay in the Twin Cities area (17.4%), or cognitive impairment that limits their ability to complete the surveys (13.1%). Table 1 shows the baseline sociodemographic characteristics of the 430 baseline participants who were predominantly Black (56.3%) or White (35.6%), male (74.7%), had mean age of 44.4 years (S D = 9.9; range 19�C67), and completed at least high school education or equivalent (76.7%) and the majority were unemployed (90.5%). When asked where they usually slept in the prior 6 months, nearly two thirds reported sleeping in emergency shelters and 15% slept in transitional housing. Nearly half of the sample had been homeless for more than a year, and 15% had been homeless for more than 3 years.

Forty-three percent of the sample was experiencing homelessness for the first time, but 31.8% had been homeless three or more times in the past 3 years. Table 1. Sociodemographic and Homelessness Characteristics of430 Homeless Adults in the Power To Quit Study Smoking characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 2. Nearly all the participants were daily smokers (96.7%), and nearly two thirds (62.6%) smoked mentholated cigarettes. In addition, participants reported smoking an average of 19.3 CPD, have smoked regularly since 16 years of age, and spent on average US$27.5 per week on cigarettes. Nearly half (47.2%) of the study sample smoked their first cigarette within 5 min of awakening, and 87.0% smoked within 30 min of awakening.

Overall, participants rated quitting smoking as very important to them (9.1 on a 10-point scale) and were modestly confident they could quit smoking (7.3 on 10-point scale). Participants reported having made on average 2.5 smoking quit attempts lasting 24 hr or longer in the past year. Table 2. Smoking Characteristics of 430 Homeless Adults in the Power to Quit Study Table 3 presents self-reported general and mental health characteristics of study sample. The majority of participants reported they were in good or better state of general health. Nearly three fourths were either overweight or obese. Nearly 40% of participants had PHQ-9 depression screening scores in the moderate or worse range. More than 80% of the sample screened positive for lifetime history of drug abuse or dependence, while 55% screened positive for lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence.

Table 3. General Health, Mental Health, Alcohol Use, and Other Drug Use of 430 Homeless Adults in the Power to Quit Study Discussion The current paper describes the baseline characteristics of the first large smoking cessation randomized clinical trial designed Anacetrapib for homeless smokers. Due to the challenges anticipated for recruiting study participants in this population, investigators had projected that recruitment would take 24 months or more.