Stress management might take precedence over pleasurable shared activities, using up the available time and reducing the quality of the time they spend together. From a sample of 14,788 respondents in the American Time Use Survey, the present study sought to determine if there was an association between household income and the quantity and quality of time that married couples dedicated to each other. Lower-income couples, as expected, spent less time together in private, this tendency being influenced by whether the day was a weekday or a weekend and by the presence of children. Lower-income spouses reported higher stress levels during spousal interactions than higher-income counterparts, and this correlation was impacted by the total hours worked by the couple. Study results support the theoretical framework, highlighting that the quantity and quality of time may be instrumental in explaining the distinctions in relationship results for low-income and high-income couples. Please return this PsycINFO database record, copyright 2023 APA, with all rights reserved.

Intimate partner violence (IPV), according to several theorists, is not a uniform entity, but rather displays a variety of different types and characteristics. Johnson's (1995) typology classified perpetrators' violence, some rooted in control and others in emotional instability, diverging from Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart's (1994) typology, which categorized them by violence severity, its relation to intimate partners, and their psychopathological characteristics. Personality profiles, severity levels, and varied violent actions are factors used to establish alternative classifications of violence. Our systematic review of studies testing these hypothesized IPV typologies utilized exploratory clustering and classification methods, ultimately aiming to pinpoint underlying groups. In our work, we made use of databases like PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, and the Social Sciences Full Text (H. The study referenced both W. Wilson's work and the compiled data in Social Work Abstracts. We unearthed 80 studies, empirically grounded in evidence, that focused on IPV typologies. Our review of the 34 studies meeting our pre-established inclusion criteria revealed the following: (a) the most common number of identified types was three, but substantial differences were evident across studies; and (b) while the models by Holtzworth-Munroe and Johnson showed some support, the inconsistencies between studies question the validity of existing typologies and the confidence researchers and practitioners can have in their characterizations. In light of this, employing a categorical approach to IPV should be done with the utmost caution.

Children with cancer, and their caregivers, frequently experience elevated levels of psychopathology, with a portion manifesting clinically significant symptoms. We investigate in this study whether caregivers' resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and observed emotion regulation (ER) serve as protective factors against psychopathology in both caregivers and children during the initial year of pediatric cancer treatment. Cancer-diagnosed children (N=159, with a mean age of 5.6 years; 48% male, 52% female) had their primary caregivers complete 12 monthly questionnaires. During the third month, interviews explored the emotional experiences of primary caregivers, complemented by measurements of their resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Data analysis utilized multilevel modeling techniques. Caregiver anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) one year after diagnosis were lower in those with observed ER, but this association was not seen in children's symptoms. A positive, substantial link existed between resting RSA and initial child depression/anxiety levels, alongside Month 12 child PTSS. Cancer treatment's initiation presents an opportune time for interventions that assist caregivers in managing their negative emotional responses, as indicated by the findings. Furthermore, caregivers whose physiological states are more stable might be more perceptive of their children's negative feelings. The ramifications of utilizing multiple methods to comprehensively assess the impact of ER on functionality are highlighted in our findings. The PsycINFO Database record from 2023 is copyrighted by APA, all rights reserved.

Interactions between different groups reliably contribute to reducing prejudice. Yet, considerations were raised about its overall effectiveness, suggesting its utility is weakened, and potentially eliminated, under particular conditions. Direct contact between groups may not yield desired results in the presence of threats, especially for groups who historically enjoyed advantages, as well as the impact of discrimination that frequently targets historically disadvantaged groups. Perceived intergroup threat and discrimination were evaluated to determine if they moderated the relationship between contact and prejudice. Two meta-analyses of correlational data from 34 studies (comprising 63,945 respondents from 67 subsamples across 19 nations) demonstrated a correlation between contact and decreased prejudice, while increasing positive views of out-groups. This connection was robust in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, holding true for advantaged and disadvantaged groups and in WEIRD and non-WEIRD settings. Contact's effect on attitudes was surprisingly altered by both the perception of threat and discrimination. Without a doubt, contact held at least the same strong positive effects for individuals with high ratings (r = .19). A correlation of .18 (r) was found among individuals, indicating a weak association. A perceived threat looms. By the same token, the impact of contact was demonstrably strong for those scoring in the upper range (r = .23). Among those low-scoring individuals (r = .20),. Cases of perceived discrimination require careful consideration. Our findings suggest that contact proves effective in cultivating tolerant societies, a fact affirmed even by its demonstrable impact within subpopulations where achievement of this objective faces the greatest difficulties. Please return this PsycINFO database record, copyright 2023 APA, all rights reserved.

The legacy of Ferdinand Taylor Jones (1932-2022) is celebrated. Jones's clinical psychology career was distinguished by his tireless work in advancing social justice, multicultural awareness, and effective college mental health programs. As an emeritus professor of psychology and emeritus lecturer in the School of Medicine, he served Brown University. The newly formed Brown's Department of Psychological Services, created in 1980, had Jones as its initial director. He was instrumental in the development of seminars on minority issues for psychology interns and postdoctoral fellows within the Warren Alpert School of Medicine, and played a leadership role in support groups for medical students. All rights to the PsycInfo Database Record, 2023, are reserved by the American Psychological Association.

The state of youth mental health is dire, with escalating rates of youth psychopathology continuing to climb. Behavior Genetics The COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with a rise in youth mental health struggles worldwide, has widened the gap in mental health outcomes, particularly impacting youth from marginalized backgrounds, such as ethnic and racial minorities, those with limited socioeconomic resources, rural populations, and gender and sexual minorities. antibiotic selection Parents are fundamentally influential, geographically close, and responsible for providing the necessities for their children's mental health, thereby playing a critical part in their lives. However, disadvantaged families are consistently confronted by barriers that prevent their access to mental health treatment, with a scarcity of accessible support for parents within these groups. Paradoxically, parents within impoverished family structures receive scarce formal psychological instruction, and frequently lack the abilities to manage effectively their child's mental health issues. Psychosocial interventions, digitally adapted as digital mental health interventions (DMHIs), hold promise for reducing mental health disparities among disadvantaged youth by equipping their parents with crucial mental health resources, while effectively bypassing many traditional access barriers. Nevertheless, the profound capabilities of technology still lie dormant, due to the paucity of evidence-based and culturally sensitive DMHIs specifically designed for disadvantaged families. HIF antagonist The field prioritizes ensuring health equity by providing the essential mental health resources to disadvantaged families. The present article urges the field to strategically use technology to empower parents from economically disadvantaged families as mental health support providers for their children. Copyright 2023, American Psychological Association, regarding PsycINFO Database Record. This entry details the source and content.

Human thought is notably defined by the ability to consider observable experiences from a perspective that departs from immediacy, including the conceptual frameworks of science (genes, molecules) and everyday knowledge (germs, soul). From what reservoir does this capacity spring forth, and by what means does it evolve? In contrast to conventional assumptions, young children frequently demonstrate a capacity to consider hidden, intangible, and abstract entities or those existing outside of immediate perception. Three research streams—essentialism, generic language, and object history—provide the examples I analyze. The implications of these results challenge the standard developmental narrative for young humans; while extending beyond the clear can be simple, it can be a considerable struggle to maintain focus on the immediate environment. I consider the consequences for childhood learning processes, the fundamental principles of human thought, and the way that the same traits that give us intelligence and refinement can also create misconceptions and prejudices.