Actuarial 6- and 12-month local control was 90% (95% confidence interval, 82-98) and 76% (95% confidence interval, 60-91), respectively. Regional failure was observed in 16 patients (46%). The median actuarial overall survival was 7.7 months Napabucasin (95% confidence interval, 5.7-9.7). Analysis of the subset of 22 patients (55 lesions) who received SIG-RS alone (no prior treatment) in a single fraction yielded comparable clinical outcomes. Grade 3 or greater toxicity occurred in 4 patients (9%). The median treatment time from beam on to beam off was 15 minutes (range, 3-36 minutes).
CONCLUSION: SIG-RS for treating intracranial metastases
can produce clinical outcomes comparable to those with conventional frame-based and frameless stereotactic radiosurgery techniques while providing greater patient comfort with an open-faced mask and fast treatment times.”
“Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans.
The present experiments utilized a “”reinforcer blocking”"
approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats.
In “”nondependent”" experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; MG-132 purchase naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “”dependent”" experiments,
rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers.
Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone many had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats.
The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “”nondependent”" paradigm may model early stages of “”problem drinking”" in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.”
“BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that the Gosling pulsatility index (PI) assessed with transcranial Doppler (TCD) has a diagnostic value for noninvasive estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP).