Aqueous reaction medium is used for the preparation of graft copolymer as a cost effective
and greener route. The effects of Compound Library price reaction conditions were studied to obtain optimal grafting percentage with very low homopolymer formation. The effects of various factors like temperature, initiator concentration, amount of monomers, and volume of catalyst found to have considerable effects on grafting efficiency. Highest grafting of 60% was observed for 1:1.5 ratio of lignin and vinyl acetate at 70 degrees C in presence of 9.24 x 10(-2) ol/L initiator and 5.1 x 10(-4) mol/L of catalyst concentration. Graft copolymerization was identified from the new absorption peaks at wavelengths around 1720 cm(-1) and 1210 cm(-1) (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and the new degradation peak observed at 339 degrees C (thermogravimetric analysis). Reinforcing or blending of VAc-g-lignin with desirable polymers can yield value-added greener products. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The investigation of EtOAc-soluble
fraction from the aerial parts of Artemisia PRIMA-1MET clinical trial frigida has led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, named as artemofriginoside A and artemofriginoside B. Their structures were characterized as 3 beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8 beta-(p-hydroxyphenylacetyloxy)-4(15), 10(14), 11(13)-guaiatrien-1 alpha, 5 beta, 6 beta, 7 alpha H-12,6-olide (1) and beta-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-8 beta-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)-4(15), 10(14), 11(13)-guaiatrien-1 alpha, 5 beta, 6 beta, 7 alpha H-12,6- olide (2), on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.”
“Hypothesis: To identify structural differences between the endolymphatic
sac of temporal bones with and without Meniere’s disease by applying design-based stereology.
Background: The dimension of the human endolymphatic this website sac has previously been studied by extrapolating 2-dimensional irregularities on the sectional level into 3-dimensional quantities via unfolding algorithms. These computer renderings require certain geometrical assumptions of the object studied. The term design-based used in the present study signifies that the methods and sampling schemes are defined a priori, in such a manner that consideration of the size, shape, spatial orientation, and distribution of the investigated structures are eliminated.
Materials and Methods: Archival materials of 15 human temporal bones with Meniere’s disease and 15 control specimens were investigated by design-based stereology.
Results: The total surface area of the endolymphatic sac was significantly lower in the Meniere’s disease group (24.8 mm(2)) compared with the control group (47.0 mm(2)), p (-) 0.006. The volume fraction of the homogenous substance was significantly higher in the Meniere’s disease group (17.5%) compared with the control group (5.7%), p = 0.031.