Epididymitis and urethritis in men, cervical as well as the urethral inflammation in woman may lead to acute pelvic inflammatory disease and variety of other extragenital manifestations in both sexes. Among most frequent

extragenital manifestations of C. trachomatis are sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA), conjunctivitis and perihepatitis [1]. In most of the cases of ophthalmological manifestations C. trachomatis can be detected and/or isolated in the eye swabs [2]. It is believed that immunological and hormonal phenotype as well as some genotype characteristics, particularly expression of human leucocyte antigen B27, predetermine the severity of extragenital manifestations ABT-263 ic50 caused by C. trachomatis [3]. Delayed cell-mediated immunological response is also known to play an important role in the systemic generalization of Selleckchem AZD2014 chlamydial disease [4]. However there is a growing body of evidence that C. trachomatis can be present and isolated from extragenital tissues and organs. Bacterial antigens, DNA and/or RNA can be detected in whole blood [5, 6] since C. trachomatis can efficiently propagate

in mononuclear cells [7] as well as in astrocytes [8], muscle cells [9] and myocardiocytes [10]. Virulent forms of C. trachomatis can be isolated from synovial exudate [11], ascitic fluid [12, 13], liver biopsy material [14], and respiratory secretion fluids [15]. Similar pattern of extragenital manifestations has been reported in animal experiments. Lesions Benzatropine containing virulent C. trachomatis have been reported in lungs, liver and spleen of BALB/c mice in the post-infection period [16]. With the exception of a PF-6463922 chemical structure single report [14] there are no confirmed cases of C. trachomatis isolation from the human liver or any well articulated insights on the potential role of chlamydial

infection in hepatobilliary pathology. However, recently shown ability of C. trachomatis to propagate in hepatocytes [17, 18] leads to many questions about possible involvement of liver in systemic chlamydial disease. In the present paper we have investigated the infectability of C. trachomatis toward immortalized human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cell line) and some metabolic consequences of chlamydia propagation in the hepatic cell line. In particular, of mRNA regulation of major lipogenic genes in the host cells and effect of mevastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), in cases of chlamydial infection in HepG2 cells are reported below. Methods Reagents All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless specifically mentioned otherwise. HepG2 and Hep2 cells were obtained from “”European Collection of Cell Cultures”" (Salisbury, UK). Cell culture and organisms HepG2 cells were cultured in 5% CO2 in DMEM supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 2 mM glutamine.