Finally, the last time point showed that after 12 months of antipsychotic use, 67% of the participants presented with SWG. Table 1. Statistical analysis of anthropometric parameters at different times of data collection (n = 30). The mean BMI values increased from 24.4 ± 4.01 (mean ± SD) to 28.1 ± 5.21 kg/m2 (p = 0.003) after 12 months. It is worth noting the significant increase

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the average WC (T1 – T0 = 3.388, T2 – T0 = 6.571, T3 – T0 = 7.859 and T4 – T0 = 8.188 cm), suggesting increased visceral fat. For the parameter WHR, even with the observation of an increase in the difference of means, its results were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Regarding biochemical parameters, total cholesterol was one of the few that showed significant Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical change (Table 2), with an increase of 30.1 mg/dl (18.7%) (p = 0.049) in the mean cholesterol levels after 12 months of treatment, leading to 20% of the subjects ending up with total cholesterol levels higher Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical than 200mg/dl (above the optimal/near optimal concentration) [Jellinger et al. 2012]. HDL and LDL cholesterol levels showed no significant difference along all time points. We

observed some difference in triglyceride levels along the study, but without statistical significance (Table 2). During the first 2 months of treatment Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical their levels showed a tendency to decrease currently followed by an augmentation, which occurred between the third and the ninth month of the study (between T2 and T3). Table 2. Statistical analysis of biochemical indicators at different times of sample collection (n = 30). Blood glucose levels showed small but statistically significant augmentation in the first two months (T1 and

T2), as well as in the last months of olanzapine use (T4) (Table 2), when we could observe the final Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical increase of 5.7 mg/dl in the mean fasting glucose level, which represented an increase of 7.1%. Despite not showing statistical significance, insulin levels decreased along the whole evaluation period (Table 2). Cortisol levels increased, although without statistical significance from the second month of olanzapine therapy (Table 2). Discussion Antipsychotics represent an important component in clinical management of many psychotic conditions like schizophrenia. However, GSK-3 most of the patients present weight gain as one of the main adverse effects. Our results are partially consistent with previous studies that showed the relationship between the short- and mid-term use of olanzapine and metabolic alterations [Allison et al. 1999; Lieberman et al. 2005; Mackin et al. 2005; Meyer and Koro, 2004; Newcomer, 2005], even though some of our results point to different outcomes compared with previous studies.