However, few studies have investigated the effect mTOR inhibitors selleck inhibitor e ert on the e pression of these che mokines. We hypothesized that mTOR inhibitors mod ulated these chemokines in monocytes, and clarified the detailed intracellular pathway mechanisms by which modulation occur, including mitogen activated protein kinase and nuclear factor ��B. We de Cell viability assay After LPS stimulation, the THP 1 cells were treated using 1, 5, or 10 ng mL of sirolimus for 24 h, and cell viability was assessed using the WST 1 Cell Viability and Proliferation Assay. Quantification of chemokine e pression The intracellular levels of MCP 1, IL 8, RANTES, MIP 1, MIP 1B, and TNF proteins in the cell supernatants were determined using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit.

The optical density of the ELISA samples was measured at 450 and 540 nm using a Dyna tech MR plate reader, and the ELISA data were analysed using Reve lation software. signed a series of e periments to test and verify our hypothesis. Methods Cell preparation A human monocyte cell line, THP 1, was cultured in an RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, 100 U mL of penicillin, and 100 ug mL of streptomycin at 37 C in 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. The THP 1 cells were collected by centrifugation, and resuspended in a fresh RPMI medium. Twenty four well plates were seeded with 106 cells mL and incubated for 24 h. In preparation for the human primary monocyte e peri ments, peripheral blood samples were collected from 3 healthy volunteers after we obtained informed consent.

The volunteers had no personal or family history of al lergies. This study was approved by the Institutional Re view Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. The blood samples were diluted with an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated using density gradient centri fugation. Primary monocytes were isolated from the other PBMCs by using magnetically activated cell sorting involving an anti CD 14 monoclonal antibody. The cells were stimulated using 0. 2 ug mL of lipopolysac charide for 2 h before being treated using 0, 1, 5, or 10 ng mL of sirolimus. The cell supernatants were collected after 24 and 48 h. Mitogen activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B assay The THP 1 cells were treated for 1 h using 1 of 3 MAPK inhibitors PD 98059, SB203580, or SP600125, the NF ��B inhibitor, BAY 11 7085.

or the vehicle control. The cells were stimulated using 0. 2 ug mL of LPS for 48 h, and then the cell supernatants were collected for ELISA analysis. Western blot analysis The THP 1 cells were Dacomitinib stimulated using 0. 2 ug mL of LPS for 1 h and treated with 0, 5, or 10 ng mL of siroli mus for 2 h. The cells were lysed using an equal volume of ice cold lysis, and centrifuged at 13 000 g for 15 min.