I. (SFB 538-Mehrsprachigkeit-E8). We thank Jürgen Meisel for fruitful discussions and support to the present neuroimaging project. Further, we thank Johannes Thrän for help during data analysis. We also acknowledge financial support by the DFG and the Open Access Publication Funds of the Technische Universität Dresden. Footnotes 1The Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical SOA is the time interval between the onset of the first

stimulus (the prime) and the second stimulus (the target) of a word pair. 2A pretest of semantic association with 50 native speakers of German was performed in order to determine the semantic associate of each critical prime word. Participants were instructed to write as rapidly as possible the three first words that came to mind. Conflict of Interest None Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical declared. Supporting Information Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Figure S1. Location of the ROI in the LIFG derived from a meta-analysis for “semantic processing” (source: http://neurosynth.org/terms/semantic-processing). For the ROI analysis, a sphere of 15 mm was drawn around the MNI coordinates indicated in the figure. Table S1. Comparison of activation for Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the critical lifescience conditions (related, unrelated) with the neutral condition for semantic categorization. Related, unrelated, and neutral conditions are not subtracted from

the visual symbol baseline in this analysis. The significance threshold was set to P < 0.001 with at least 25 connected Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical voxels. The P-value corrected for multiple comparisons (FWE-corrected) is indicated for the peak and cluster level. Click here to view.(56K, pdf) Click here to view.(15K, pdf)
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous disorder, with patients exhibiting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a wide range of symptoms and functional outcomes. The positive symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are typically most prominent and used in the diagnosis. However, it is cognitive and motivational deficits that contribute most to poor functional outcomes (Niendam et al. 2006). In contrast to positive symptoms,

these deficits are not improved by treatment (Green 1996). all Deficit in motivation and drive leading to impaired decision making is a core feature of SZ. Recent studies have shown that while patients with SZ experience pleasure in response to positive stimuli (“liking”) to the same extent as healthy volunteers (HC), their ability to experience anticipatory pleasure (“wanting”), and thus to initiate goal-seeking behaviors is impaired (Barch and Dowd 2010). Drawing on the field of affective neuroscience, Barch and Dowd (2010) recently proposed a brain network–based model that integrates the processes encompassing decision making. These processes, which include attribution of hedonic value (liking), reward prediction (wanting), cost–benefit analysis, and action plan toward valued outcome, are subserved by distinct but overlapping brain networks.