Immune response, apoptosis, nucleic acid binding and actin cytoskeleton pathways are modulated during PrV infection Among selleck products all the biological processes and top func tions, shown to be regulated during PrV infec tion, we examined in greater detail genes differentially expressed in four pathways i. e. immune response, apopto sis, nucleic acid binding and actin cytoskeleton. For genes involved in immune Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries response, we observed that CD4 and CD69 were up and down regulated from 4 h pi, respectively and that several chemokine ligand and interleukin genes such as IL12A, IL12B and IL17 were down regulated at 4 and 8 h pi. These observations have a poor biological significance. Since the relevant gene prod ucts are known to be specific of immune cells, it is proba ble that these transcript expressions are not correlated with significant protein synthesis in the present epithelial cell context.

Among the genes Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries involved in interferon mediated immunity, many were modulated during PrV infection i. e. IFNAR2 and IFI6 transcript levels increased from 4 h pi and ISGF3G transcript levels at 8 h pi. The expression Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of IRF1, IRF2and IRF5 appeared down regulated from 4 h pi and that of IRF3 at 8 h pi. IFNA6, IFI30 were down regulated 8 h pi while IFNG, which was included in the SLA PrV probe set, was not detected as a differentially expressed gene. In addition, the expression of TLR8, involved in recognition of viral nucleic acid bind ing was decreased at 8 h pi. Immunophilin genes were also regulated during infection. From 4 h pi PPIA was down regulated and at 8 h pi PPIF and PPIG were down regulated while PPIH was up regulated.

For the apoptosis pathway, genes belonging to the BCL 2 molecule family, FAIM2, CASP1 and CASP3 were down regulated whereas CASP7 and NF KB2 were up regulated. Transcript levels of JAK1, XBP1, ATF4 and HSPA5 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries were decreased at 8 h pi. HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA2, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries HSPA4, HSPA4K and HSPA8 were up regulated at 8 h pi and EIF2A from 4 h pi. HSPA6 was first down regulated at 2 h pi and then up regulated from 4 h pi. Several differentially expressed genes, which belong to the apoptosis pathway, were also involved in the stress response. Among the differentially expressed genes that play a role in nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid binding, the expression of histone genes HIST1H2AL, HIST1H4J, HIST1H2BK was decreased from 4 h pi.

Expression of sev eral histone deacetylases was also regulated during infec tion HDAC2 and HDAC10 expression levels increased, while HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC9 expression decreased. HDAC2 and inhibitor Imatinib Mesylate HDAC9 were regulated early from 2 h pi. Several genes encoding signal transducers and acti vators of transcription were down regulated during PrV infection. Within the actin cytoskeleton pathway, ACTG1 was up regulated very early i. e. as soon as 1 h pi.