Moreover, the advantages of using ZnO nanostructures for sensing applications selleck Trichostatin A are their high sensitivity, and time domain chemical sensing for low concentrations and the possibility thing of sensing in single cells or molecule detection available in small volumes Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries at low concentration [26]. Such advantages Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cannot be achieved simultaneously using large sized sensors. Moreover, ZnO-NRs can be grown on flexible plastic substrates [27] which have excellent mechanical properties and can be suitable for medical and implantable biosensors. In this work, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries we have successfully presented the first potentiometric glucose biosensor made by the functionalization of a ZnO-NR array for studying the inhibition of mercury by glucose oxidase and perform simple and rapid determination of Hg2+ ions.
The performance of the proposed sensor for both glucose detection and Hg2+ ion was monitored in test electrolyte solutions prepared in phosphate buffer solutions Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries (PBS) having a pH of 7.4. Finally, the detection of other metals ions Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries via a process of inhibition of the enzyme activity Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries has been evaluated. In addition to this, the reproducibility of the enzymatic activity of the sensor was also examined for a glucose biosensor application.2.?Material and Methods2.1. ReagentsGlucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger with activity of 280 units/mg, chitosan (C3646), D-(+)-glucose (99.5%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate, mercury(II) chloride and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), acetic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden).
Phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 10 mM) was prepared by mixing Batimastat 8 mM of Na2HPO4, 1.
5 mM of KH2PO4, 0.135 mM of NaCl and 2.7 mM of KCl in deionized water and then the pH was adjusted to 7.4. A stock solution of 100 mM glucose was prepared in PBS and stored at 4 ��C and 100 mM of mercury(II) chloride was prepared in deionized water. The low concentration standard solutions Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of both glucose and the mercury were freshly prepared before the measurements.2.2. Fabrication of Glucose Biosensor ElectrodesThe ZnO-NR array electrodes were prepared on a glass substrate by first evaporating titanium (Ti) as Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries an adhesion layer and then followed by gold (Au) films with a thickness of 10 nm and 100 nm, respectively using an evaporation system (Evaporator Satis CR725).
Then these gold coated glass electrodes were ultrasonically cleaned with isopropanol followed by rinsing in deionized water and then dried in air at room temperature.
Then, ZnO-NRs were grown on the electrode by using the low temperature ACG approach as described in [28,29]. In this paper, the gold coated Cilengitide sellckchem glass electrodes were spin coated in two steps with a seed solution inhibitor Regorafenib containing zinc acetate using a speed of 1,000 rpm for 10 s and 2,500 rpm for 20 s, respectively, and then annealed at 120 ��C for 10 min. After that the electrodes were placed horizontally in an aqueous solution of 0.025 M zinc nitrate hexahydrate [(Zn(NO)3)2?6H2O)] and 0.