Nonparametric testing using the Mann-Whitney U test, multivariable logistic regression and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.

Results: In 556 patients undergoing urological laparoscopic procedures 14 surgical site infections (2.5%) were identified at mean

postoperative day 21.5. Of the 14 surgical site infections 10 (71.4%) were located at a specimen extraction site. Operative time, procedure type and increasing body mass index were significantly associated with the occurrence of surgical site infections (p = 0.007, p = 0.019, p = 0.038, respectively), whereas history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.071) and intraoperative transfusion (p = 0.053) were found to trend toward significance. SB431542 solubility dmso Age, gender, positive urine culture, steroid use, procedure type and smoking history were not significantly associated with surgical site infection. Body mass index and operative time remained significant selleck predictors of surgical site infection on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions: Surgical site infection is an infrequent complication following laparoscopic surgery with the majority occurring at the specimen extraction site.

Infection is associated with prolonged operative time and increasing body mass index.”
“An acute injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) decreases body weight by reducing feeding and increasing energy expenditure (EE) in animals on standard laboratory chow. Animals have divergent responses to high. fat diet (HFD) exposure, with some developing obesity and others remaining lean. In the current study,

we tested the hypothesis that BDNF in the VMN reduces HFD-induced obesity. Seventy-two 10-week old rats were allowed HFD ad libitum for 8 weeks and then prepared with bilateral VMN cannulae. Animals were then divided into tertiles based on their fat mass rank: high, intermediate, and low (H, I, and L). Each group was further divided into Levetiracetam two subgroups: BDNF (1 mu g) or control (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF); they were then injected every other day for 20 days according to subgroup. Energy intake, body weight, and body composition were measured. Other metabolic indexes were measured before and after treatment. In parallel, another 12 rats were fed control diet (CD), VMN-cannulated, and injected with aCSF. HFD exposure induced obesity in the H group, with a significant increase in energy intake, body weight, fat mass, liver size, and serum glucose, insulin, and leptin. BDNF significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in all phenotypes, while it reduced energy intake only in the I group. However, BDNF increased EE, spontaneous physical activity, and fat oxidation in the H group, suggesting that BDNF-induced EE elevation contributed to reduction of body weight and fat mass. Chronic VMN BDNF reduced insulin elevation and/or reversed hyperleptinemia.