ovalisporum, this trigger did not cause Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii to produce akinetes. Anabaena crassa however, produced akinetes upon potassium deficiency, but the highest akinete concentration

was achieved at conditions that supported vegetative growth. It is speculated that an unknown internal signal is associated with the cellular response to K+ deficiency to induce the differentiation of a certain vegetative cell in a trichome into an akinete. A universal stress MK-8669 mouse protein that functions as mediator in K+ deficiency signal transduction cascade, may communicate between the lack of K+ and akinete induction. “
“Edible seaweeds have not been thoroughly explored for food, medicinal, or industrial purposes in the United States. This study compared selected proximate constituents selleck kinase inhibitor of three edible seaweed species (Ulva lactuca L., Fucus vesiculosus L., and Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachan)

at two sites for possible future development as a food crop on the Delmarva Peninsula. Sampling was conducted bimonthly at Chincoteague Memorial Park, Virginia, and Indian River Inlet, Delaware, from 2005 to 2008. Proximate constituents of moisture, ash, dietary fiber, proteins, and fat were measured seasonally and calorific values were calculated. Data were analyzed using correlation, paired samples t-tests and one- and two-way ANOVA. Significant variations in the proximate constituents were found among seasons, species, and between sites. The brown seaweed (Fucus) at both sites had higher fiber, fat, and ash (mineral) content than the green (Ulva) or the red (Gracilaria). Ulva and Gracilaria had higher protein content than Fucus. Seaweeds from Delaware had more fat, ash, and protein than from Virginia, potentially because of the more polluted, nutrient rich environment at the Delaware site. Positive correlations between seaweed fat and protein content may

indicate an increase in the synthesis of both components under optimal growth conditions. Species’ physiology differences and the water quality at the two sites likely impacted proximate constituent values. This study contributed new information to the existing 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 body of knowledge in the areas of nutrition and ecology of seaweeds and their potential as a cash crop. “
“The eutrophic, freshwater diatom species Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kütz.) Willi Krieg. has long been considered a nuisance exotic alga introduced from Eurasia to the Great Lakes in North America in the early to mid-20th century. However, our paleolimnological data from Lake Simcoe, Ontario, provide unequivocal evidence that this taxon has been present in the Great Lakes region since at least the late 17th century. Subfossil diatom valves were identified and enumerated at high resolution in 210Pb-dated sediment cores from four sites across the lake. The taxonomic identification of S. binderanus was confirmed using SEM.