Secondly, because levels of mindfulness and depressive symptoms were assessed at different points in time, interpretation of our findings rests on the assumption that FFMQ scores remained stable and that they were unaffected by prior symptoms of depression. There is currently no information available on the test-retest reliability of the FFMQ. However, there is evidence that other mindfulness questionnaires,

which provided items for the FFMQ, show good test-retest reliability (Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills; Baer et al., 2004, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; Brown & Ryan, 2003) and it seems plausible to assume that the FFMQ is likely to perform similarly to its constituent measures. Thirdly, it is not possible to rule out effects selleck products of unassessed third variables that might have impacted on the observed relations and, indeed, it is quite plausible that the observed relations are carried by more proximal variables that are known to mediate the relation between neuroticism and depressive symptoms such as rumination or cognitive reactivity (Barnhofer & Chittka, 2010). In the absence of baseline measures of depression it is

not possible IDH inhibition to estimate in how far the observed relations between neuroticism and later depression were carried by persisting levels of depression. Fourthly, because symptoms of depression and trait mindfulness were assessed at points of time one year apart it is possible that levels of mindfulness Nitroxoline might have changed as a response to prior depression.

However, we were able to rule out influences of meditation practice as none of the participants had engaged in mindfulness meditation or received mindfulness-based therapy for relapse prevention and engagement in other meditation practices did not affect the observed relations. Despite these limitations the current findings provide a number of insights. Moderating effects of mindfulness on the translation of temperamental risk into negative emotional outcomes are interesting from a clinical point of view given the very different nature of the constructs involved. Whereas neuroticism mainly reflects negative emotional sensitivity and reactivity, dispositional mindfulness indexes attentional skills and attitudes guiding the way in which individuals relate to inner experience. The relations found here are therefore unlikely to be due simply to conceptual overlap between constructs and speak directly to how training of attentional processes may influence the effects of temperamental vulnerabilities. The results of analyzes on the effects of different facets of mindfulness skills only approached significance and can only be interpreted with great caution perhaps serving as pointers for future research to be conducted. They suggest Describing to be the most relevant of mindfulness skills in the moderation of neuroticism outcomes.