The aim of the present study was to verify the relative significance of NBI findings in the diagnosis of esophageal mucosal high-grade

neoplasia. The NBI system is based on modification of the spectral features obtained with each optical filter by narrowing the bandwidth of the buy Deforolimus spectral transmittance. The bandpass ranges of the NBI filters are blue and green, 400–430 nm; and red, 530–550 nm. A standard videoendoscopy system (EVIS LUCERA; Olympus Optical Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with two light sources was used for examination. One light source was for the standard optical filter (broadband) and the other was for the NBI system. The control knob on the grip of the endoscope allowed single-touch switching from the standard to

the NBI filter. This endoscopy system incorporated a structure enhancement and an NBI function. The structure enhancement function of the video processor was set at a level of 8 for NBI observation. The current clinical investigation was carried I-BET-762 datasheet out during routine endoscopic screening or surveillance of high-risk patients for esophageal high-grade neoplasia. The patient inclusion criteria were: (i) patients with present esophageal neoplasias; (ii) patients with a past history of esophageal neoplasias treated with endoscopic resection; and (iii) patients with present or past history of head and neck cancer. Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, or chromoendoscopy with iodine staining within the past 6 months. The endoscopy procedures were carried out using a high-resolution magnifying upper gastrointestinal endoscope (GIF-Q240Z; Olympus) or a high-definition magnifying upper gastrointestinal endoscope (GIF-H260Z; Olympus). 上海皓元 A black soft hood (MB-162 for GIF-Q240Z or MB-46 for GIF-H260Z; Olympus) was mounted on the tip of the endoscope to maintain an adequate

distance between the tip of the endoscope zoom lens and the mucosal surface during magnifying observation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out without any sedation. Initial routine inspection was carried out using NBI. For screening with NBI, non-magnifying observation with NBI was performed. If suspicious lesions were detected, further observations were made at higher magnifications. In all patients, screening with NBI was followed by chromoendoscopy with iodine solution. For all lesions, their location (distance and quadrant) and size were recorded by comparison with the known diameter of open forceps. The lesions detected by each method were matched based on the distance and quadrant of the lesions. Biopsy specimens were taken from iodine-unstained lesions. Some lesions that were diagnosed histologically as mucosal high-grade neoplasias were treated with endoscopic resection. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before examination and endoscopic resection. The local ethics committee approved the study protocol.