The highest levels of SIS3 clinical trial expression were observed in bacteria grown at 37°C, while in most cases expression at MG-132 cell line 42°C were lower than those seen at 37°C. Unlike C. jejuni 11168-O, 11168-GS tlp gene expression appears to be related to temperature, however not all tlp genes were expressed at the same level. Figure 2 Expression of Group A tlp genes for C. jejuni strain 11168-GS. Relative gene expression profiles of Group A tlp genes for C. jejuni 11168-GS grown at 37°C, 42°C and maintained in pond water. Expression is standardised and the scale is shown in log (copies per

108 of 23 S RNA). 37: grown under laboratory conditions at 37°C, 42: grown under laboratory conditions at 42°C, pond: maintained in an environmental water source at

room temperature, 22°C. Standard errors are shown as bars above the mean of a minimum of 3 independent PCR reactions. Gene expression profiles for the group A tlp genes in C. jejuni 81116 in vitro and in vivo were also diverse. It is notable that the expression of the aspartate receptor gene, tlp1, was the lowest of all tlp genes, with almost no detectable expression when grown at 37°C, 42°C or in pond water. In contrast, tlp1 was https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cbl0137-cbl-0137.html highly expressed in C. jejuni 81116 isolated from in vivo hosts (p < 0.05) (Figure 3). Expression levels seen for tlp1, tlp2, tlp3, tlp7 and tlp10 were all higher in C. jejuni isolated from both in vivo hosts, compared to bacteria grown at an equivalent temperature under laboratory conditions, indicating that host factors are involved in stimulation of tlp gene expression. The expression of tlp7 and 10 were consistently higher than the other tlp genes under all conditions tested, with the highest expression observed for tlp7 in 81116 isolated from the intestines of mice. Figure 3 Expression of Group A tlp genes for C.

jejuni strain 81116. Relative gene expression profiles of Group A tlp genes for C. jejuni 81116 grown at 37°C, 42°C, maintained in pond water and Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 isolated in vivo from chicken and mouse. Expression is standardised and the scale is shown in log (copies per 108 of 23 S RNA). 37: grown under laboratory conditions at 37°C, 42: grown under laboratory conditions at 42°C, pond: maintained in an environmental water source at room temperature, 22°C, chicken: directly isolated from chicken caecal content by Dyna-beads, mouse: directly isolated from mouse intestines by Dyna-beads. Standard errors are shown as bars above the mean of a minimum of 3 independent PCR reactions. Verification of Tlp1 expression by Western blot To verify that mRNA levels detected by qPCR reflected the level of protein produced in the bacterial cells, Western blot analysis was performed, using whole cell protein of C.