These fundamental results provide a basis for future development of intermediate band solar cells based on ZnTe materials. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3463421]“
“Introducing high throughput screening sp(3) bonds in carbon nanotubes can significantly modify their electronic properties but need high pressure at room temperature. Here we show by molecular dynamics simulations that sp(2) to sp(3) bond

transition can be realized through bending manipulation at the buckling location, resembling that of nanoindented carbon nanostructures but with more convenient operation technique. The capability of sp(3) bond formation is sensitive to the thickness and diameter of the carbon nanotubes. This bending induced sp(3) structures can serve as tunneling junction for electrons, thus bending manipulation could be a route to tailoring nanocircuits. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3466956]“
“P>Histological assessments continue to play an important role

in the diagnosis and management of liver allograft rejection. The changes occurring in acute and chronic rejection are well recognized and liver biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosing these two conditions. Recent interest has focused on the diagnosis of late cellular rejection, which may have different histological appearances to early acute rejection and instead has features that overlap with so-called ‘de novo SRT2104 research buy autoimmune hepatitis’

and ‘idiopathic post-transplant chronic hepatitis’. There is increasing evidence to suggest that ‘central perivenulitis’ may be an important manifestation of late rejection, although other causes of centrilobular necro-inflammation need to be considered in the differential diagnosis. There are also important areas of overlap between rejection and recurrent hepatitis C infection and the distinction between these two conditions selleck chemicals continues to be a problem in the assessment of liver allograft biopsies. Studies using immunohistochemical staining for C4d as a marker for antibody-mediated damage have found evidence of C4d deposition in liver allograft rejection, but the functional significance of these observations is currently uncertain. This review will focus on these difficult and controversial areas in the pathology of rejection, documenting what is currently known and identifying areas where further clarification is required.”
“We present a semiempirical model based on the shadowing effect to describe quantitatively the aggregation of columnar structure during physical vapor condensation onto a surface with an array of line seeds and a flat surface. Specifically, we predict the relationship between the column angle and the incident flux angle and how this relationship changes with processing conditions and materials.