This knowledge may help us

This knowledge may help us any other enquiries to understand the epidemiology and potential expansion of the geographical distribution of this genomic group. Despite potential biases associated with discontinuous draft genomes, we would like to focus on the added value of draft bacterial genome sequencing. Taking advantage of low cost and high-throughput sequencing platforms allows us to probe the vast microbial diversity present in nature and rapidly respond to clinical outbreaks and acute biosecurity hazards. From an evolutionary ecology perspective, increased sequencing efforts allow us to characterize the biogeography of microbial taxa and differentiate between neutral and conserved genome contents. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Dutch Ministry of Defence [grant number V1036] and the Swedish Defence Research Agency [project A4952].

Notes Abbreviations: CDC- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TNO- Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, FOI- Swedish Defence Research Agency
A sediment sample was collected from a soda lake (44��45��N, 123��34��E) in Jilin province, China, in November 2007. There is no freshwater river to flow into the lake. Atmospheric water and groundwater are the only water sources of this lake. The lake is rich in Na+ (257.2 mg/l), CO32- (50.7 mg/l), Cl- (10.1 mg/l), HCO3- (6.5 mg/l) and SO42- (4.4 mg/l), with the pH of the water sample in the same geographical location being 10.0 [5]. The strain Y1T was isolated from enrichment cultures of sediment sample by the Hungate roll-tube technique [10] under a gas phase of O2-free N2 [1,5].

Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis by BLASTN [11,12] using the NCBI-NR/NT database revealed 93.4-98.8% sequence similarity to members of the genus Amphibacillus. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic analysis based on Tamura-Nei model indicated the taxonomic status of strain Y1T is clearly classified into the same branch with genus Amphibacillus, and the most closely related genus is Halolactibacillus (Figure 1). A. jilinensis Y1T can tolerant high salinity but can also survive without Na+. Growth occurs under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The optimal growth condition of strain Y1T occurs in medium JY with 0.5 M Na+ (0.06 M NaHCO3 and 0.44 M NaCl) [5]. The optimum pH is 9.0, with a growth range of pH 7.5-10.5. No growth was observed at pH 7.0 or 11.0.

Strain Y1T is mesophilic, with a temperature range of 15-45 oC and optimum growth at 32 oC [Table 1]. Cell morphology, motility and sporulation were examined by using transmission Brefeldin_A electron (H-600, Hitachi) microscopy. Cells of strain Y1T are straight rods with petritrichous flagella, which have a diameter ranging 0.4-0.6 ��m and a length of 2.0-3.2 ��m (Figure 2a). In the late-exponential and stationary phases of growth, the rods can form terminal endospores (Figure 2b). Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of A.

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