This survey analyzed

data from 81,799 adults (45,148 men and 36,651 women) who underwent health examinations at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, in northern Taiwan, from 2000 through 2007. Hyperuricemia was defined as an SUA greater than 7.7 mg/dL in men or greater than 6.6 mg/dL in women. Patients were classified by uric acid-metabolic syndrome status as follows: A = no hyperuricemia and no metabolic syndrome, B Selleck BMN673 = presence of metabolic syndrome but not hyperuricemia, C = presence of hyperuricemia but no metabolic syndrome, and D = presence of both hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. Kidney function was assessed in terms of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation modified for Chinese. CKD was defined as an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The prevalences of hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome, and CKD were 22.8% (26.3% in men and 18.6% in women), 13.5% (15.0% in men and 11.6% in women), and 2.2% (2.1% in men and 2.2% in women), respectively. In men, the age-adjusted odds ratios for CKD, with group A as reference,

were 1.95 for group B, 4.86 for group C, and 5.85 for group D. In women, the age-adjusted odds ratios were 1.96 for group B, 6.66 for group C, and 9.01 for group D. Hyperuricemia is strongly associated with CKD, independent of the presence of https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lonafarnib-sch66336.html metabolic syndrome.”
“Background: Ventricular rate control (VRC) is an important treatment strategy for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed the prevalence of poor VRC and the adequacy of various intermittent monitoring regimens to accurately characterize HER2 inhibitor VRC during permanent AF. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) patients in the Medtronic Discovery (TM) Link having permanent AF (AF burden >23 hours/day) and =365 consecutive days of device data. Poor VRC was defined as a day with the mean ventricular rate during AF >100 beats/minute (bpm) for ICD patients and >90 bpm for CRT-D patients. Intermittent monitoring regimens were simulated

from continuous device data by randomly selecting subsets of days in which data were available for analysis. Assessments of poor VRC were computed after replicating 1,000 simulations. Results: ICD (n = 1,902, age = 71 +/- 10) and CRT-D (n = 3,397, age = 72 +/- 9) patients were included and followed for 365 days. The prevalence of poor VRC was 24.8% among ICD patients and 28.6% among CRT-D patients. Significantly more patients were identified as having poor VRC with continuous monitoring compared to all intermittent monitoring regimens (sensitivity range = 8%31%). Furthermore, 11.6% of ICD patients and 17.9% of CRT-D patients experienced =7 days with poor VRC, to which the sensitivities of annual 7- and 21-day recordings were <7% and <20%, respectively.