“
“We report results of large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations of dynamic deformation under biaxial tensile strain of prestrained single-crystalline nanometer-scale-thick face-centered cubic (fcc) copper films. Our results
show that stacking faults, which are abundantly present in fcc metals, may play a significant role in the dissociation, cross slip, and eventual annihilation of dislocations in small-volume structures of fcc metals. The underlying mechanisms are mediated by interactions within and between extended dislocations that lead to annihilation of Shockley partial dislocations or formation of perfect dislocations. Our findings demonstrate selleck chemicals dislocation starvation in small-volume structures with ultrathin film geometry, governed by a mechanism other than dislocation escape to free surfaces, and underline the significant
role of geometry in determining the mechanical response of metallic small-volume structures. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3120916]“
“The patch test is the mainstay of diagnosis in allergic contact dermatitis. In its nearly 120-year-long history, numerous efforts to standardize several methodical aspects proved successful. The aim was always to enhance the validity and reliability of patch testing. This article reviews modifications of the basic patch test technique for enhancing test sensitivity. We expand on the recently validated strip patch test, which is a modification that involves affixing tape strips to the skin and removing them prior to patch testing.”
“ObjectiveDespite a growing number of women seeking medical care in the veterans
www.selleckchem.com/products/defactinib.html affairs (VA) system, little is known about the characteristics of their chronic pain or the pain care they receive. This study sought to determine if sex differences are present in the medical care veterans received for chronic pain.
DesignRetrospective cohort study using VA administrative data.
SubjectsThe subjects were 17,583 veteran patients with moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain treated in the Pacific Northwest during 2008.
MethodsMultivariate logistic regression assessed for sex differences in primary care utilization, prescription of chronic opioid therapy, visits to emergency departments for a pain-related diagnosis, selleck inhibitor and physical therapy referral.
ResultsCompared with male veterans, female veterans were more often diagnosed with two or more pain conditions, and had more of the following pain-related diagnoses: fibromyalgia, low back pain, inflammatory bowel disease, migraine headache, neck or joint pain, and arthritis. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, pain diagnoses, mental health diagnoses, substance use disorders, and medical comorbidity, women had lower odds of being prescribed chronic opioid therapy (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.78), greater odds of visiting an emergency department for a pain-related complaint (AOR 1.