These data suggest that pathway-specific gene expression

3-Methyladenine purchase profiling might be useful in the clinic to adjust treatment strategies for children with neuroblastoma.”
“Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is still not well developed in mainland China. The objective of this study is to investigate the barriers associated with those seeking cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and to explore appropriate secondary prevention modalities tailored to the needs of Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).\n\nMethods: A consecutive series of eligible patients was recruited from the cardiac department of a teaching hospital in Nanjing, located in southeast China. Structured Napabucasin supplier face-to-face interviews were conducted with 328 patients prior to hospital discharge. Patient preferences for seeking an outpatient CR program or an alternative outpatient self-choice, minimal-cost educational program were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data were assessed. Additionally, patients were asked to provide the reasons affecting their choice.\n\nResults: Overall, only 14.3% patients preferred the standard CR program. Factors associated with non-participating were female gender (odds ratios [ORs], 6.05, 95% CI, 1.30-28.19), older age (ORs, 1.11, 95% CI, 1.04-1.19, per year), less education

(ORs, 8.13, 95% CI, 2.83-23.38), low income (ORs, 3.26, 95% CI, 1.24-8.54), and having either basic medical care or a lack of health insurance (ORs, 10.01, 95% CI, 3.90-25.68). The most common reason for refusing to participate in CR was that patients could not afford it. Of the remaining patients, 65.8% patients chose self-choice educational programs, especially for female (ORs, 5.84, 95% CI, 2.67-12.79), older (ORs, 1.06, 95% CI, 1.02-1.11, per year), and low income

(ORs, 2.14, 95% CI, 1.12-4.10) patients. The main reasons for their find more preferences were their desires for more information about disease and risk factors, the low cost, feasibility, and saving time.\n\nConclusions: Multiple barriers, which may occur at the patient, health system, and societal levels, have prevented eligible patients from participating in CR programs. Self-choice educational programs, an alternative model incorporating more information, would strongly meet the needs of most patients. A feasible delivery format for secondary prevention should be provided for all CHD patients.”
“We report the case of a 54-year-old man with a previously implanted neurostimulator who presented with palpitations and was found to have sustained ventricular tachycardia on electrophysiologic study. A Medtronic wireless implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD; Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) with home monitoring (HM) was successfully implanted.

Males also reported a higher frequency of penetrative sexual relations under the influence

of alcohol or other drugs. A higher percentage of females than males reported not using a condom in their first anal sexual experience. This study provides a current overview of the sexual behavior of adolescents that can be useful for the design of future programs aimed at preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).”
“The present study traced the emergence of the neural circuits for reading in five-year-old children of diverse pre-literacy ability. In the fall and winter of kindergarten, children performed a one-back task with letter versus false font stimuli during fMRI scanning. At the start of kindergarten, children with on-track pre-literacy skills (OT) recruited 3-deazaneplanocin A nmr bilateral temporo-parietal regions for the letter > false font comparison. In contrast, children at-risk for reading

difficulty (AR) showed no differential activation in this region. Following 3 months of kindergarten and, for AR children, supplemental reading instruction, OT children showed left-lateralized activation in the temporo-parietal region, whereas AR children showed bilateral activation and recruitment of frontal regions including the anterior cingulate cortex. These data suggest that typical reading development is associated with initial recruitment Cyclopamine datasheet and subsequent disengagement of right hemisphere homologous regions while atypical reading development may be associated with compensatory recruitment of frontal regions. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The dealumination of HZSM-12 zeolite (Si/Al = 65) was carried Out with

citric acid and hydrochloric acid The structure and acidity were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, N(2)-adsorption. NH(3)-TPD, Py-IR and (29)Si MAS NMR The zeolites’ catalytic properties were Studied using the methylation of naphthalene to prepare 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene as a test reaction The results show that the two kinds of acid call remove the framework Al of and decrease the amount of Bronsted acid sites. while not destroying the framework Structure of the zeolite under the proper conditions 5-Fluoracil Hydrochloric acid removed both the strong and weak acid sites Simultaneously, resulting ill improved catalytic stability in the methylation of naphthalene (NAPH). In contrast. the citric acid preferred to remove the strongly acid sites and also formed secondary mesopores in the sample. resulting in improved reaction performance. Under the proper reaction conditions including a reaction temperature of 350 degrees C, a reaction pressure of 4 MPa, a nitrogen flow rate of 10 mL/mtn. NAPH CH(3)OH 1,2,4-TMB 1.2 8 (mol), and WSHV = 3 h(-1) with a reaction time of 4 h, the conversion of naphthalene was 30.5% and the ratio of 2,6-/2,7-DMN was 1 83 over dealuminated HZSM-12 by 10 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 6 h (C) 2009 Elsevier B.

Middle temporal or temporalis fascia vascular flaps were used to cover large-defect repairs to promote rapid healing. The sheeting was used in 56 external auditory canal defect cases, including 35 deep canal defects, 4 lateral bony wall repairs, 12 open-cavity reconstructions, and 5 anterior wall repairs.\n\nResults: There were no evident biomaterial complications, and infection was absent from the series. The sheeting was simpler touse than ceramics, being easily shaped and bent to RG-7112 inhibitor fit the individual case. Second-look cavity reinspections were simpler than when ceramics or

autografts had been used for reconstructions.\n\nDiscussion & Conclusion: Titanium sheeting has been proven an effective method of canal wall repair when combined with

the supplementary techniques used with biomaterials in this role (cartilage cover and vascular flaps). Its ease of use, versatility, and reliability are superior to previous organic or ceramic methods.”
“Objectives: The aim of this study was to research selleckchem the efficiency of posterior intravaginal sling (PIVS) procedure in vaginal cuff prolapse, together with possible complications, long-term effects and effects of the method on vaginal and sexual function and quality of life of patients. This retrospective study comprised 21 patients with vaginal cuff prolapse. Methods: PIVS procedure was performed in 21 patients with vaginal cuff prolapse with quantification stages 2, 3, or 4 of pelvic organ prolapse. Patients were assessed according to the International Consultation on Incontinence QuestionnaireVaginal Symptoms before and after operation. Results: The average follow-up period was 24.6 months. The rate of surgical success was 100%, GSI-IX molecular weight the rate of mesh erosion was 14.2% and the rate of dyspareunia was 33.3%. Vaginal symptom, sexual matter and quality of life scores were statistically significant

in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: PIVS is an effective and reliable method of treating vaginal cuff prolapse. However, its complication profile is not yet at an acceptable level. We believe that the rate of mesh erosion will regress to a more acceptable level with the improvement of mesh technology and postoperative method. The necessary incontinence surgery is easily performed together with PIVS procedure. PIVS restores the vaginal and sexual functions of patients and increases their quality of life significantly.”
“Vascular imaging can be essential in the diagnosis, monitoring, and planning and assessment of treatment of patients with peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of this work is to describe a recently developed three-dimensional (3D) time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) technique, Cartesian Acquisition with Projection Reconstruction-like sampling (CAPR), and its application to imaging of the vasculature of the lower legs and feet.

Despite large interfraction baseline variability, the PDF of each patient was generally asymmetric with a longer end-inhale tail because the end-exhale position was more stable than the end-inhale position. The asymmetry of the PDF required asymmetric margins around the time-averaged position to account for the position uncertainty but the average difference was 1.0 mm (range, 0.0-4.4 mm) for

a sharp penumbra and an idealized online setup correction protocol.\n\nConclusion: The respiratory motion is more irregular during the fractions than between the fractions. The PDF of the respiratory motion is asymmetrically distributed. Both the intra-acquisition variability and the PDF asymmetry have a limited impact on dose distributions and inferred margins. The use of a margin recipe to account for respiratory

motion with an estimate Etomoxir in vivo of the average motion amplitude was adequate in almost all patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc.”
“Synaptic plasticity shapes the development of functional neural circuits and provides a basis for cellular models of learning and memory. Hebbian plasticity describes an activity-dependent change in synaptic strength that is input-specific and depends on correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity. Although it is recognized that synaptic activity and synapse development are FRAX597 intimately linked, our mechanistic understanding of the coupling is far from complete. Using Channelrhodopsin-2 to evoke activity in vivo, we investigated synaptic plasticity at the glutamatergic Drosophila neuromuscular junction. Remarkably, correlated pre- and postsynaptic stimulation increased postsynaptic sensitivity by promoting synapse-specific recruitment of GluR-IIA-type glutamate receptor subunits into postsynaptic receptor fields. Conversely, GluR-IIA was rapidly removed Bucladesine price from synapses

whose activity failed to evoke substantial postsynaptic depolarization. Uniting these results with developmental GluR-IIA dynamics provides a comprehensive physiological concept of how Hebbian plasticity guides synaptic maturation and sparse transmitter release controls the stabilization of the molecular composition of individual synapses.”
“Chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) are homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. CHOS can be produced using chitin or chitosan as a starting material, using enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations thereof. Production of well-defined CHOS-mixtures, or even pure CHOS, is of great interest since these oligosaccharides are thought to have several interesting bioactivities. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these bioactivities is of major importance. However, so far in-depth knowledge on the mode-of-action of CHOS is scarce, one major reason being that most published studies are done with badly characterized heterogeneous mixtures of CHOS.

IMR was also measured in an angiographically normal reference

vessel. The relative pre-IMR ratio (rPIMR) defined as IMR Culprit divided by IMR Non-Culprit was also calculated. Troponin was sequentially sampled up to 24 h following PCI. Mean troponin post-PCI was 0.37 +/- 0.8 ng/ml. 33 (61%) patients fulfilled the criteria for PPMI. IMR pre-PCI was the most significant correlate of post-PCI troponin (r=0.43 p=0.001), however, the number of balloon inflations (r=0.3, p=0.02) and rPIMR (r=0.33 p=0.017) were also correlated. IMR pre-PCI was higher in patients with periprocedural myocardial infarction compared with patients without PPMI (IMR pre-PCI 21.2 +/- 2.1 PPMI vs 15.6 +/- 1.8 No PPMI, p=0.02). The strongest predictor of troponin post-PCI was IMR pre-PCI (beta 0.7, p=0.02). Both IMR pre- and rPIMR were CA4P predictive of PPMI (OR 11 (1.3 to 90.5) p=0.026, OR 1.09 (1 to 1.19) p=0.03, respectively).\n\nConclusion Microvascular function prior to PCI is an important determinant of PPMI. Measuring IMR pre-PCI and rPIMR may allow prospective identification of patients at risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction. Future studies in a larger cohort are required to establish the predictive ability of IMR in PPMI.”
“Vocal structure

should reflect vocal function. While much attention has focused on quantifying attributes of harmonic vocalizations, the vocalizations of many species also may contain non-linear phenomena such as warbles, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos or noise. The function HCS assay of Ganetespib these non-linearities remains enigmatic. In some species, harmonic vocalizations abruptly become ‘noisy’ when individuals are physiologically aroused and the sudden onset of these non-linearities could signal arousal or fear to receivers. One untested functional hypothesis is that vocalizations containing non-linearities are more variable from one rendition to the next, and thus are harder to habituate to. In some

situations, reducing the likelihood of habituation could be important. Signals that are highly evocative are more difficult to habituate to. Thus, we conducted playback experiments to foraging yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) to determine whether the addition of white noise (a non-linear acoustic phenomenon) to alarm calls elicited a greater response than control calls without the non-linearity or control calls with silence, rather than noise, added to them. Marmots spent less time foraging after hearing calls that included noise than after normal or control calls. This result is consistent with the unpredictability hypothesis and suggests that the adaptive value of non-linearities is to prevent habituation.”
“The selective oxidation of glycerol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to diacids over supported gold catalysts (Au/C and Au/TiO2) in liquid water at mild temperatures was a strong function of the added base such as NaOH.

“
“Repair of unilateral cleft lip is a fascinating and challenging procedure. Although a great number of operations have been described for the unilateral cleft lip repair, none fulfill all the plastic surgical criteria, and in most cases, cleft lip repairs require secondary operations in an attempt to achieve described goals of primary cheiloplasty. The Afroze incision is a combination 2 incisions, that is, the Millard incision

on the noncleft side and Pfeiffer incision on the cleft side. The flap design is the Millard flap on the noncleft side rotated downward, and the peak of the distal curve of the Pfeiffer flap is positioned in the triangular defect formed by the movement of the Millard flap. The proximal curve lengthens downward to receive the Millard’s “C” flap. The advantage of this technique is that there is no tension on the postoperative scar because the incision is essentially horizontal in nature, and BTK inhibitor in vivo the contracture of the scar occurs horizontally rather than vertically. Primary septal repositioning

is performed, which provides stability and exact positioning of the previously lifted alar crus of the cleft side and nasal tip.. and the nose can grow in a balanced way with equal muscular force being exerted on both sides. This incision can be used in all types of complete unilateral cleft lip regardless of the width of the cleft, shortening the cleft lip segment.”
“A closed tubular horizontal photobioreactor with the ability to produce industrially delicate microalgal species was assessed VE-821 datasheet and validated. A co-current gas-liquid flow was chosen for mass transfer along 1,200 CP127374 m piping which delimited a culture volume of 4,700 L. Mixing was obtained by means of hydrodynamic events accompanying this type of flow, including waves. The constant cross section of the piping allowed the circulation of spherical bodies to wipe the inner wall and avoid the establishment of a biofilm. Two similar reactors were constructed in December 2009 and December 2010,

and operated to supply the dermo-beauty care industry with active biomass of three delicate species of microalgae, including the chlorophyte and the rhodophyte . Daily observed production of dry biomass varied between 0.2 and 1.7 kg, depending on the species, the sun exposure and the period of the year. The ability of this production system to reduce the cost of producing algal biomass through scaling-up is discussed.”
“In this prospective, observational study, we measured arterial lactate and pyruvate concentrations within the first four hours of shock and at four hour intervals during the first 24 hours in 26 patients with septic and 13 with cardiogenic shock. We also studied 10 intensive care unit patients with normal lactate levels as controls. Seven patients (18%) died during the first 24 hours of shock, 12 (31%) patients died later in the intensive care unit and 21 (54%) were discharged alive from the intensive care unit.

Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells, which can serve as a source of cells for autologous transplantation, have been attracting a great deal of attention as a clinically viable alternative to stem cells obtained directly from tissues. In this review, we outline the neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, their therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury, and their safety in vivo.”
“Aiming to deeply understand the electrocatalytic Selleckchem CT99021 mechanism of silver on reduction of benzyl chloride, we carried out an in situ electrochemical surface-enhanced

Raman spectroscopic study to characterize various surface species in different electrode potential regions. A further analysis with DFT calculation reveals that the benzyl radical and its anionic derivate bonded on a silver electrode are the key intermediates, implying that the pathway could drastically differ from the outer sphere concerted electron reduction at inert electrodes.”
“The modeling of thermal decomposition process of ten natural fibers commonly used in polymer composite industry was performed by assuming a global model occurring within

the entire degradation range with consideration of fiber as one pseudocomponent. selleck chemicals Malek method with activation energy values previously obtained was applied to the modeling process. Careful calculation and evaluation indicated that, within an acceptable error limit of 5%, RO(n > 1) model can be used to describe the degradation process of most selected fibers well. The other kinetic parameters used include activation energy range of 160-170 kJ/mol; parameter n in RO(n > 1) = (1 – alpha)” of 3-4; and In A between 35 and 42 In s(-1). Some condition limitations of the obtained model were also discussed. The model has practical significance in predicting fiber weight loss when the fiber is used in combination with engineering thermoplastics. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 834-842, 2009″
“As the mining depth increases, the rock burst is getting more and more hazardous. How

to make early warning for rock burst validly is, an urgent work. In this article, rock burst and AE portern towed by three types of strata-activation: brittle-thick-hard roof flexible-thick-hard roof and fault activation, this website were investigated. (a) For the case of brittle-thick-hard roof the interval from fracturing to weighting is short, the released energy monitored by AE is synchronous. It is difficult to make some: early warning for severe rock burst induced by sudden roof woofing, by using AE monitoring technique, (b), for the case of flexible, thick-hard roof, the roof weighting appears periodically, which can be taken as an indicator of medium and long-term early warning for rock burst; the AE events of low energy within silent-time can be used to make short-term early warning for rock burst, (c) For the case of fault, when coal face advances to the vicinity of fault, the fault begins.

\n\nObjectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of ISAR and SHERPA scores in the prediction of patient outcome after TAVI.\n\nMethods P005091 datasheet and results A prospective cohort of 30 consecutive octogenarian patients (16 males, 86 +/- 3 y, EuroSCORE 34 +/-

12%) underwent a transfemoral TAVI and a complete geriatric assessment in our institution. Survival at one year was 73%. The ISAR score was similar between both groups (3.1 +/- 1 vs. 3.6 +/- 1; P = 0.10) but the SHERPA score was significantly higher in non-survivors (7.8 +/- 1.6) than among survivors (4.9 +/- 2.4; P = 0.001). With multivariate analysis, SHERPA score and BMI were independent predictors of 1-year mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 1-year survival was significantly lower in patients with than in those without a SHERPA score >

7 (40 vs. 89%; P = 0.004).\n\nConclusions The result of this study showed that SHERPA score predicts 1-year survival after transfemoral TAVI and could be considered as a useful frailty score in patient selection.”
“The aim of this study is to review the features, benefits and limitations of the new scientific evaluation products derived from Google Scholar, such as Google Scholar Metrics and Google Scholar Citations, as well as the h-index, which is the standard bibliometric indicator AS1842856 datasheet adopted by these services. The study also outlines the potential of this new database as a source for studies in Biomedicine, and compares the h-index obtained by the most relevant journals and researchers in the field of intensive care medicine, based on data extracted from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Results show that although the average h-index values in Google Scholar

are almost 30% higher than those obtained in Web of Science, see more and about 15% higher than those collected by Scopus, there are no substantial changes in the rankings generated from one data source or the other. Despite some technical problems, it is concluded that Google Scholar is a valid tool for researchers in Health Sciences, both for purposes of information retrieval and for the computation of bibliometric indicators. (C) 2012 Elsevier Espana, S.L. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.”
“Cardiovascular biomaterials (CB) dominate the category of biomaterials based on the demand and investments in this field. This review article classifies the CB into three major classes, namely, metals, polymers, and biological materials and collates the information about the CB. Blood compatibility is one of the major criteria which limit the use of biomaterials for cardiovascular application. Several key players are associated with blood compatibility and they are discussed in this paper.

“
“The objective of this study was to evaluate flood risk area for the Orontes river basin in Turkey, using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) within the Geographic Information Systems. Flood risk areas were evaluated using rainfall, slope, elevations, size of sub-watersheds and soil types. These factors were chosen as the most influential factors for generating the flood risk map. MCDA was performed by adding the weighted flood rankings of all the causative factors, according to their relative importance to each other and to their expected importance in causing floods. ILWIS, GIS software was used for spatial analyses and MCDA. Estimated risk map for the Orontes river basin obtained

by adding the weighted flood rankings of all factors classified in five categories. producing risk levels of non-flood, low, moderate, high, Screening Library concentration and very high. It was found that non-flood accounted for 1252.2 km(2) (15.7%) of the total. low for 1032.3 km(2) (13%), moderate for 1596 km(2) (20%), high for 2607.4 km(2) (32.8%) and very high flood risk area for 1471.4 km(2) (18.5%). The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Turkey mapped the flood area for the Orontes river basin from selleck chemicals field measurement and their observations were compared with a generated flood risk map. The comparison showed satisfactory results because observed flood area was determined to be in very high flood risk region in the

flood risk map. Thus, flood risk area identification using MCDA is possibly suitable for flood planning and management.”
“Background Fever, hyperglycemia, and swallow dysfunction poststroke are associated with significantly worse outcomes. We report treatment and monitoring practices for these three items from a cohort of acute stroke patients prior to randomization in the Quality in

Acute Stroke Care trial.\n\nMethod Retrospective VX-680 nmr medical record audits were undertaken for prospective patients from 19 stroke units. For the first three-days following stroke, we recorded all temperature readings and administration of paracetamol for fever (375 degrees C) and all glucose readings and administration of insulin for hyperglycemia (>11mmol/L). We also recorded swallow screening and assessment during the first 24h of admission.\n\nResults Data for 718 (98%) patients were available; 138 (19%) had four hourly or more temperature readings and 204 patients (29%) had a fever, with 44 (22%) receiving paracetamol. A quarter of patients (n=102/412, 25%) had six hourly or more glucose readings and 23% (95/412) had hyperglycemia, with 31% (29/95) of these treated with insulin. The majority of patients received a swallow assessment (n=562, 78%) by a speech pathologist in the first instance rather than a swallow screen by a nonspeech pathologist (n=156, 22%). Of those who passed a screen (n=108 of 156, 69%), 68% (n=73) were reassessed by a speech pathologist and 97% (n=71) were reconfirmed to be able to swallow safely.

It plays an important role in limiting the growth and reproduction of the virulent powdery mildew (PM) Golovinomyces orontii on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

To Selleckchem ACY-241 investigate this later phase of the PM interaction and the role played by SA, we performed replicated global expression profiling for wildtype and SA biosynthetic mutant isochorismate synthase1 (ics1) Arabidopsis from 0 to 7 d after infection. We found that ICS1-impacted genes constitute 3.8% of profiled genes, with known molecular markers of Arabidopsis defense ranked very highly by the multivariate empirical Bayes statistic (T(2) statistic). Functional analyses of T(2) -selected genes identified statistically significant PM-impacted processes, including Poziotinib purchase photosynthesis, cell wall modification, and alkaloid metabolism, that are ICS1 independent. ICS1-impacted processes include redox, vacuolar transport/secretion, and signaling. Our data also support a role for ICS1 (SA) in iron and calcium homeostasis and identify components of SA cross talk with other phytohormones. Through our analysis, 39 novel PM-impacted transcriptional regulators were identified. Insertion mutants in one of these regulators, PUX2 (for plant ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein 2),

results in significantly reduced reproduction of the PM in a cell death-independent manner. Although little is known about PUX2, PUX1 acts as a negative regulator of Arabidopsis CDC48, an essential AAA-ATPase chaperone that mediates diverse cellular activities, including homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, endoplasmic reticulum-associated

protein degradation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Future work will elucidate the functional role of the novel regulator PUX2 in PM resistance.”
“Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not depict the true Selleck Napabucasin extent of tumour cell invasion in gliomas. We investigated the feasibility of advanced imaging methods, i.e. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), fibre tracking and O-(2-[F-18]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-18-FET) PET, for the detection of tumour invasion into white matter structures not visible in routine MRI.\n\nDTI and fibre tracking was performed on ten patients with gliomas, WHO grades II-IV. Five patients experienced preoperative sensorimotor deficits. The ratio of fractional anisotropy (FA) between the ipsilateral and contralateral pyramidal tract was calculated. Twenty-one stereotactic biopsies from five patients were histopathologically evaluated for the absolute numbers and percentages of tumour cells. F-18-FET PET scans were performed and the bilateral ratio [ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratio (ICR)] of F-18-FET-uptake was calculated for both cross-sections of pyramidal tracts and biopsy sites.\n\nThe FA ratio within the pyramidal tract was lower in patients with sensorimotor deficits (0.61-1.06) compared with the FA ratio in patients without sensorimotor deficits (0.92-1.