X-ray scattering showed that the layers of organoclay were intercalated with intercalating agents. According to the results of a differential scanning

calorimetry analysis, clay acted Ruboxistaurin nmr as a nucleating agent, affecting the crystallization. The PBT nanocomposites containing clay treated with CPC showed good mechanical properties because of intercalation into the polymer matrix. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 585-592, 2009″
“This work presents the fabrication and characterization of mechanical and magnetic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites with nickel nanoparticles and nanowires as fillers. To enhance filler dispersion and polymer-filler interface bonding, allyltrimethoxysilane was used for nanofiller coating. Sample preparation was carried out by speed mixing and curing at 100 degrees C. Nanowire-PDMS composites were exposed to magnetic field prior to full curing in order to facilitate nanowire alignment. Composites with concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 vol % of nanoparticles and 5 vol % of nanowires were prepared and tested. An increase in elastic modulus of similar to 30% was observed for composites with 5 vol % nanoparticle concentration. A much higher increase in elastic modulus, of similar to 80%, was observed for nanowire-based composites of same concentration. The measured elastic P005091 modulus agrees well with predictions that assume strong

interface bonding between the polymer and the filler. Magnetic anisotropy and higher remanent magnetization and coercivity are observed for the nanowire composite. These multifunctional materials could have a wide range of applications, from active structural components to sensing elements in macro- and particularly microsystem applications. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3224966]“
“The present study was aimed to examine lipid peroxides, antioxidants, zinc, copper, iron panels and apoptosis in peripheral blood of dogs with clinical LY294002 ic50 dirofilariosis. In comparison to healthy control, erythrocytic lipid peroxides level and superoxide dismutase

activity were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in diseased dogs. However, level of reduced glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in diseased dogs. Blood zinc, copper and iron levels in dogs with dirofilariosis were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the healthy control. The percent apoptotic peripheral leukocytes were significantly higher in dogs with dirofilariosis in comparison with healthy control. From the present study, it is concluded that significant alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance, mineral status and rate of apoptosis in peripheral blood may be implicated in the pathogenesis of clinical canine dirofilariosis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Oleic estolide was produced from oleic fatty acid and a catalytic amount of perchloric acid. The oleic estolide was then esterifled with a series of 16

different alcohols that were either branched or linear-chained. The new estolide esters physical properties were recorded and evaluated as a potential industrial lubricant. The linear-chain esters had higher low temperature properties (PP = -9 to 33 degrees C) but still compete well with other commercial bio-based materials. The oleic estolide ethyl ester yielded the best PP at -33 degrees C for the linear-chain series. The branched alcohol produced the best PP (-24 to – learn more 39 degrees C) and CP (-30 to <-50 degrees C) with the best PP performers being a 2-hexyldecanol (Jarcol 1-16) sample, a 16 carbon-chained branched material, and 2-octyldodecanol (Jarcol 1-20), GW4869 datasheet a 20 carbon branched material, with a PP at -39 degrees C. The best CP performers from the same series were the 2-octyldodecanol, with a CP lower than -50 degrees C followed by the 2-hexyldecanol at -42 degrees C. The viscosities (55-209 cSt @40 degrees C) and viscosity indexes (VIs) (169-192) performed well. The iso-stearyl alcohol (Oxocol 180) sample had the highest viscosity at 40 degrees C of

209.3 cSt which was higher than all other materials tested. Finally, these new estolide esters required no additives in order to obtain the improved performance in low temperature physical properties, thus limiting our impact on the environment and replacing fluids that are based on non renewable resources. Published by Elsevier B.V.”
“Intensive insulin therapy should be proposed for most type 1 diabetic patients. It can be achieved by a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or by multiple daily injections

(MDI). Debate remains regarding the optimal delivery of such therapy.

To compare the efficacy of glycemic control, hypoglycemia frequency, dose of insulin and weight in the type 1 diabetic patients, after switching from MDI to CSII.

In this retrospective study we analyzed HbA1c, profiles of blood glucose, weight, dose of insulin and hypoglycemia, 6 months before and 6 months after the initiation FK228 molecular weight of CSII, in 18 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Blood glucose control is considerably improved during CSII, as measured by HbA1c and mean blood glucose concentrations. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and also of glycemic variability were significantly lower. The total insulin doses during the CSII period were significantly lower. There was a small non significant increase in weight during CSII. There was a significant decrease in a number of mild hypoglycemic events, a small non significant decrease of asymptomatic hypoglycemia and a small non significant increase of nocturnal hypoglycemia.

CSII provides significant improvement of blood glucose control with lower risk for hypoglycemia.

“
“Disturbed neurulation fascinated scientists of all times. In Egypt, anencephalic infants were venerated as animal-headed gods. Roman law required them to be killed. The medieval world held the mother responsible, either because of assumed imagination or “”miswatching,”" or because of suspected buy PKC412 intercourse with animals or devils. Modern embryology and teratology began with the use of the microscope by Malpighi in 1672. Details of neural tube closure were described by Koelliker in 1861 and by His in 1874. From 1822, genetic disease and familial recurrence due to insufficient nutrition

were discerned and lower social class identified as a risk factor. It took a century to define the malnutrition as insufficient folate intake. The mandatory supplementation of folate in staple foods successfully reduced the incidence of neural tube defects in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Chile, but it was not adopted by most European countries.”
“The objective of this study was to evaluate urinary

vanillylmandellic acid (VMA) as a marker for prognosis and progression of neuroblastoma. A retrospective file search of 444 patients during 33 years was performed and correlation Tariquidar supplier of VMA with clinical prognostic parameters and outcome was evaluated. Event-free survivals (EFS) were 33.5% and 21% (P = .04) and overall survival (OS) were 36.6% and 25.8% (P = .1) for all patients with normal/negative and increased/positive VMA. EFS and OS were higher in VMA(-) pelvic (P = .03) and thoracic and neck (P = .04) tumors, compared to their VMA(+) counterparts. Survival was not different in patients with abdominal primaries according to VMA status. Positive urinary VMA prevalence was low in localized disease and high in disseminated disease (P < .001). In disseminated disease, 10-year EFS was higher in VMA(+) patients than VMA(-) patients (16%, 9.5%, P = .054). Two-year OS was higher in VMA-positive patients with stage 4 disease (20.6% and 7%, P = .04). The patients with VMA(+) progressive disease died later

than those with VMA(-) tumors (P = .047). These results show that increased urinary VMA predicts poor outcome for patients with mTOR inhibitor favorable tumor sites. Urinary VMA can be useful risk determinant in combination with other biological determinants to predict prognosis of patients with localized neck, thoracic or pelvic tumors. The relationship of positive or high urinary VMA and survival were inversely correlated in disseminated disease and in patients with progressive disease. In high-risk patients, negative spot test or normal level of urinary VMA at diagnosis might be used for identification of a group of patients with more favorable prognosis.”
“Background: Several non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are promoting the use of Artemisia annua teas as a home-based treatment for malaria in situations where conventional treatments are not available.

001). Our maternal and fetal mortality rates were 0% (95% confidence

interval [CI] 0-34%) and 30% (95% CI 7-65%), respectively, compared with 17% (95% CI 10-26%) and 38% (95% CI 31-52%]) from our review of the literature from 2000 to 2010.

CONCLUSION: The use of hepatic artery embolization to address hepatic rupture associated with HELLP syndrome may help minimize morbidity and maternal mortality. (Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:617-25) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318245c283″
“Metabolic pathways are reconstructed from biochemical evidence to conceptualize the predominant route to important biomolecules. Pathways have heuristic value in their capacity to explain the metabolic derangements in genetic diseases of enzyme deficiencies and during pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes. Implicit in the description of these pathways is the potential existence of alternate YH25448 concentration routes, variable order of reactions, and the inevitable by-products generated by incomplete efficiencies

JNJ-26481585 molecular weight and competing enzymes. This chapter will consider alternate fates encountered by steroid hormone precursors in the adrenal gland, the variables influencing flux through these secondary pathways, and the significance of these diversions in health and disease.”
“Existing approaches to image reconstruction in photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) with acoustically heterogeneous media are limited Apoptosis inhibitor to weakly varying media, are computationally burdensome, and/or cannot effectively mitigate the effects of

measurement data incompleteness and noise. In this work, we develop and investigate a discrete imaging model for PACT that is based on the exact photoacoustic (PA) wave equation and facilitates the circumvention of these limitations. A key contribution of the work is the establishment of a procedure to implement a matched forward and backprojection operator pair associated with the discrete imaging model, which permits application of a wide-range of modern image reconstruction algorithms that can mitigate the effects of data incompleteness and noise. The forward and backprojection operators are based on the k-space pseudospectral method for computing numerical solutions to the PA wave equation in the time domain. The developed reconstruction methodology is investigated by use of both computer-simulated and experimental PACT measurement data.”
“OBJECTIVE: To estimate if neonates with early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) sepsis have clinical evidence of fetal infection during labor or at delivery.

METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all neonates diagnosed with GBS sepsis by culture and clinical findings within the first 72 hours of life from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2008, at Parkland Health and Hospital System. Medical records were reviewed and maternal, neonatal, and delivery data were ascertained.

It is concluded that legal diversity and cross-border reproductive care will persist and that the court failed to protect European patients from arbitrary interference with their right to procreation. (C) 2012, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

All rights reserved.”
“Aging itself only minimally increases operative risk, but with aging, check details there is an increase of the prevalence of chronic diseases and a progressive deterioration of organ function.

Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in heart, lung and kidney performance. Under normal conditions, these physiologic changes do not produce any problems for the elderly, but when these patients are subjected to the stress of surgery or its complications, there may be inadequate functional reserve. It is very important to know age-related pathophysiological changes in order to be able to better evaluate elderly patients undergoing surgery, and to prevent and manage preoperative complications.

In this

review we try to identify and to describe the most frequent physiological changes in the elderly, how those impact pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters, and how A-1210477 chemical structure to assess and manage them. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This study investigates the motivations, views and experiences of semen donors willing to have contact with their offspring. An online questionnaire for semen donors was posted by the US-based Donor Sibling Registry in 2009. A total of 164 respondents who had previously been donors completed the questionnaire, which consisted of 45 open and closed questions covering motivations for donating, health and medical information, experiences of donating, contact with offspring and implications of donating and contact for their families. The donors’ primary motivation was to help other families, although payment was also a factor. Almost all donors were open to contact with their offspring and, where donors were partnered, three-quarters of the partners also supported possible contact. Almost one-third, however, had reservations about contact or were opposed. Two-thirds of donors’ own children were interested in meeting the offspring. Contact

between a donor and his offspring is often seen as a coming together of these two people only. The learn more results of this study suggest that there are important ramifications for both of the families who become linked. Understanding gamete donation in this broader family context is crucial to the contribution that health professionals can make in this area. (C) 2012, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Due to the expanding geriatric population and the high incidence of cancer in this age group, there is an increased burden on clinical oncologists. Elderly patients suffer from one or more chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, COPD, or diabetes. Besides affecting life expectancy, comorbid conditions may complicate major surgery.

“
“We report results of large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations of dynamic deformation under biaxial tensile strain of prestrained single-crystalline nanometer-scale-thick face-centered cubic (fcc) copper films. Our results

show that stacking faults, which are abundantly present in fcc metals, may play a significant role in the dissociation, cross slip, and eventual annihilation of dislocations in small-volume structures of fcc metals. The underlying mechanisms are mediated by interactions within and between extended dislocations that lead to annihilation of Shockley partial dislocations or formation of perfect dislocations. Our findings demonstrate selleck chemicals dislocation starvation in small-volume structures with ultrathin film geometry, governed by a mechanism other than dislocation escape to free surfaces, and underline the significant

role of geometry in determining the mechanical response of metallic small-volume structures. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3120916]“
“The patch test is the mainstay of diagnosis in allergic contact dermatitis. In its nearly 120-year-long history, numerous efforts to standardize several methodical aspects proved successful. The aim was always to enhance the validity and reliability of patch testing. This article reviews modifications of the basic patch test technique for enhancing test sensitivity. We expand on the recently validated strip patch test, which is a modification that involves affixing tape strips to the skin and removing them prior to patch testing.”
“ObjectiveDespite a growing number of women seeking medical care in the veterans

www.selleckchem.com/products/defactinib.html affairs (VA) system, little is known about the characteristics of their chronic pain or the pain care they receive. This study sought to determine if sex differences are present in the medical care veterans received for chronic pain.

DesignRetrospective cohort study using VA administrative data.

SubjectsThe subjects were 17,583 veteran patients with moderate to severe chronic non-cancer pain treated in the Pacific Northwest during 2008.

MethodsMultivariate logistic regression assessed for sex differences in primary care utilization, prescription of chronic opioid therapy, visits to emergency departments for a pain-related diagnosis, selleck inhibitor and physical therapy referral.

ResultsCompared with male veterans, female veterans were more often diagnosed with two or more pain conditions, and had more of the following pain-related diagnoses: fibromyalgia, low back pain, inflammatory bowel disease, migraine headache, neck or joint pain, and arthritis. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, pain diagnoses, mental health diagnoses, substance use disorders, and medical comorbidity, women had lower odds of being prescribed chronic opioid therapy (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.78), greater odds of visiting an emergency department for a pain-related complaint (AOR 1.

The impact of ventral hippocampal representations of salient situations on behavior is mediated by the ventral subiculum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and ventral striatum. Projecting via the ventral subiculum to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum, the ventral hippocampus maps motivationally salient environmental

information, as well as emotional information reflective of the internal physiological milieu, onto an instrumental or emotional behavior mode that represents a specialized, more or less purposeful, state of behavioral arousal and global locomotor activation.”
“Aim: To examine the clinicopathologic features and the expression selleck compound library of some oncogenic molecules in various RCCs in patients from Upper Egypt.

Materials and Methods: The authors examined the expression pattern of pVHL; MET; and TFE3 proteins in 59 RCC using immunoperoxidase staining methods. The study group consisted of clear cell

RCCs (CRCC); papillary RCCs type 1 (PRCC1); papillary RCCs type 2 (PRCC2); Xp11-2 translocation RCCs (XP11.2RCC); chromophobe RCCs WH-4-023 nmr (ChRCC); and sarcomatoid RCCs (SRCC).

Results: Variations were found in the expression of these molecules in the different types of RCCs. The mean age of RCCs among Egyptians was 52.70 +/-+/- 1.73 years; with male sex predominance. Mass lesion; pain; and hematuria were the main presenting features. Metastatic disease was more frequent with CRCC variant. pVHL expression was strong in PCRCC2; Xp11.2RCC; and ChRCC; moderate in CRCC; and weak in both PRCC1 and sarcomatoid RCC. MET protein expression was moderate in Xp11.2RCC; PRCC1; PRCC2; and sarcomatoid RCC. TFE3 protein expression was strong in Xp11.2RCC and PRCC2 variants. The expression was moderate in PRCC1; CRCC; ChRCC; and sarcomatoid RCC. Positive correlation was found in the expression of the different proteins (pVHL; MET; and TFE3) and some histological features (tumor grade; inflammation; necrosis and metastasis) and the presence of metastasis and some histological features (inflammation and/or necrosis).

Conclusions: This study provides the first indication about the clinicopathologic

features of RCCs in Upper Egypt. The variable expression of these molecules in the different variants of RCC suggests that several oncogenic HSP990 concentration pathways are operational in their development.”
“Fractured vertebral bodies are often stabilized by vertebroplasty. Several parameters, including fracture type, cement filling shape, cement volume, elastic moduli of cement, cancellous bone and fractured region, may all affect the stresses in the augmented vertebral body and in bone cement. The aim of this study was to determine numerically the effects of these input parameters on the stresses caused. In a probabilistic finite element study, an osteoligamentous model of the lumbar spine was employed. Seven input parameters were simultaneously and randomly varied within appropriate limits for > 110 combinations thereof.

1 debridements (range, 1-4 debridements).

Conclusions. The presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a statistically significant risk factor for wound infection after corrective surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis. Wound infection is associated with pseudarthrosis and prolonged hospitalization.”
“Ionic liquids (ILs) functionalized GSK1120212 inhibitor solvent impregnated resins (SIRs)

were prepared using IL modified Merrified resin as the polymeric supports by impregnation of extractant for extraction of Sc(III). The ILs modified Merrifield resin were prepared via covalent anchoring of imidazolium salts onto Merrifield resin. The polymeric supports with imidazolium chloride group (RCl) and imidazolium hexafluorophosphate group (RPF6) were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and elemental analysis. It was found that RCl and RPF6 had tunable hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, different acid stability, and swelling behaviors in solvents. The effect of Cyanex 923 extractant or [C(8)mim][PF6] IL impregnated on RCl and RPF6 were studied. selleck chemicals The results showed Cyanex 923 and [C(8)mim][PF6] exhibited stronger affinity to RPF6 than to RCl. RPF6 with Cyanex 923 was found to be effective in Sc(III) extraction. The extraction mechanisms of SIRs containing RPF6 and Cyanex 923 with or without [C(8)mim][PF6] were cation exchange

and neutral complexation, respectively. MEK inhibitor side effects [C(8)mim][PF6] acted as an extraction media and was involved in the cation exchanged extraction reaction. Sc(III) can be selectively separated from Tm(III), Yb(III), and

Lu(III) by the SIRs. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 3284-3290, 2011″
“The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and/or Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson leukemia virus oncogene transcript are unique markers for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, CML demonstrates heterogeneous presentations and outcomes. We analyzed the cytogenetic and molecular results of CML patients to evaluate their correlation with clinical presentations and outcome. A total of 84 newly diagnosed CML patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated according to disease status. Bone marrow samples were obtained to perform cytogenetic and molecular studies. Clinical presentations, treatment courses, and survival were reviewed retrospectively. Among 84 patients, 72 had chronic phase and 12 had accelerated phase CML. Cytogenetic study showed 69 (82.1%) with the classic Ph chromosome, 6 (7.2%) with a variant Ph chromosome, and 9 (10.7%) with additional chromosome abnormalities. Fifty-four (64.3%) cases harbored b3a2 transcripts, 29 (34.5%) had b2a2 transcript, and 1 had e19a2 transcript. There was no difference in clinical presentations between different cytogenetic and molecular groups; however, additional chromosome abnormalities were significantly associated with the accelerated phase.

9% (95%

confidence interval: 94.7-95.2%) and 86.6% Alvocidib (95% confidence interval: 86.3-86.9%), respectively, compared with diagnoses recorded in the DCR. Completeness and PPV of cancer registration in the DNRP varied between cancer subgroups. In 2001-2003, both completeness and PPV in the DNRP were slightly lower compared with 2004-2009. Mortality estimates in patients registered in the DNRP and the DCR varied slightly. The DNRP could be a valuable source of data for clinical quality monitoring and epidemiological research for some urological cancers, especially when current data are essential. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 21: 545-551 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“BACKGROUND: Nirogacestat molecular weight Tobacco processing facilities produce voluminous air emissions containing a large number of smelly and potentially harmful volatile compounds that require implementation of the efficient odour control techniques. Biofiltration is the proved method for deodorisation of complex multi-component emissions. The purpose of the present study was to identify substances present in the emission of a typical tobacco industrial facility and demonstrate efficiency of the biotrickling filter for odour control.

RESULTS: Composition of volatile

compounds of leaf tobacco was investigated by capillary GC-MS. More than 80 individual compounds were identified. For evaluating the odour of individual components a GC-sniffing analysis was employed. Laboratory-scale trickling biofilters were used to develop a method for deodorisation Dihydrotestosterone of a simulated tobacco emission. Biofilters were operated for 12 months and demonstrated the absence of the ‘tobacco smell’ at the filter outlet and a stable rate of conversion of nicotine exceeding 90%.

CONCLUSION: Composition of volatile substances of the leaf tobacco was investigated and compounds responsible for ‘tobacco smell’ were identified. A trickling biofiltration technique was

shown to be an efficient method for control of tobacco odours. The results of the study have been scaled up to the pilot level to control emissions of an operating tobacco factory. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“As the prevalence of prostate cancer in Germany is increasing, the issue of subsequent primary cancer (SPC) becomes more relevant. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk and its changes over time of developing SPC among prostate cancer patients compared with the general male population in Bavaria, southern Germany. Utilizing data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry Bavaria, the risk of SPC was evaluated in 59 259 men with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 who contributed 159 892 person-years. The relative and absolute risk of developing SPC were calculated using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the excess absolute risk.

A 69-year-old woman presented with a painful nodule on her right nasolabial fold. Intraoral FNAC was performed, and cytologic smears were examined under optical and polarized light microscopy, showing birefringent

microspheres, confirming the diagnosis of an adverse reaction caused by polymethyl methacrylate filler. FNAC is a less invasive method to confirm the diagnosis of adverse reactions caused by perioral cosmetic dermal fillers.”
“Background: learn more Posttraumatic thoracolumbar deformities can occur in patients after conservative or inadequate surgical treatment. Anterior, posterior, or combined anterior and posterior procedures of Smith-Peterson osteotomy technique have been developed to correct thoracolumbar kyphosis to various degrees. Recently, many reports have addressed the specific problem of local posttraumatic thoracolumbar deformity; however, there is significant controversy over the ideal management. The objectives are to illustrate the technique of modified closing wedge osteotomy for the

treatment of posttraumatic kyphosis and to report the radiographic results and clinical outcome of patients treated with the technique.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with symptomatic posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis treated with a posterior modified closing wedge osteotomy. All patients completed follow-up of at least 2 years.

Results: The mean surgical time was 224 minutes with a mean PRIMA-1MET cell line intraoperative blood loss of 611.5 mL. The average preoperative regional angle

was 40.5 degrees, 4.8 degrees postoperatively, and 5.8 degrees at final follow-up. The average Cobb angle changed from 43.4 degrees preoperatively to 2.4 degrees after surgery. Selleckchem Trichostatin A The mean visual analog scale back pain score decreased from 55.2 preoperatively to 19.6 at final follow up, and the mean Oswestry disability index score changed from 58.7 preoperatively to 21.8 at the last follow-up. All patients achieved bony anterior fusion based on radiographic evidence of the presence of trabecular bone bridging at the osteotomy site.

Conclusions: The modified wedge closing osteotomy achieves satisfactory kyphosis correction and good fusion with less blood loss and complications than other approaches, implying an alternative method in patients with posttraumatic kyphosis.”
“Objectives: Presently, there are only few studies examining the benefits of fine structure information in coding strategies. Against this background, this study aims to assess the objective and subjective performance of children experienced with the C40+ cochlear implant using the CIS+ coding strategy who were upgraded to the OPUS 2 processor using FSP and HDCIS.

Methods: In this prospective study, 60 children with more than 3.5 years of experience with the C40+ cochlear implant were upgraded to the OPUS 2 processor and fit and tested with HDCIS (Interval I). After 3 months of experience with HDCIS, they were fit with the FSP coding strategy (Interval II) and tested with all strategies (FSP, HDCIS, CIS+).